我的笔记本电脑突然停止启动。我已经安装了 Ubuntu 18.04，现在启动时出现此错误。我搜索了它并尝试了找到的所有解决方案，但仍然无法启动。请不要将此标记为重复，请帮助我！！
错误
Gave up waiting for suspend/resume device
Gave up waiting for root device. Common problems:
- Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline)
- Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?)
- Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev)
ALERT! UUID=fcbf606a-0ac2-4da9-b0c6-ee8612ed5048 does not exist. Dropping to a shell!
BusyBox v1.27.2 (Ubuntu 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu2) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a lost of built-in commands.
(initramfs)
这里输出了我尝试过的一些命令；
sudo blkid -c /dev/null -o 列表
device fs_type label mount point UUID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dev/sda1 vfat BOOT (not mounted) E467-B07A
/dev/sda2 ext4 (not mounted) fcbf606a-0ac2-4da9-b0c6-ee8612ed5048
/dev/sda3 swap [SWAP] 76b0dd9f-0ee3-4a57-b2f7-085b5681353a
/dev/sda4 ext4 WorkBench (not mounted) 5fc99d45-40ad-400e-993d-10e1c760136c
/dev/sda5 ext4 Entertainment (not mounted) dc3ed43c-e8df-4a8c-8717-b9ffae68873d
/dev/sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS amd64 /cdrom 2018-04-26-18-43-51-00
/dev/sr1 iso9660 My CDROM /media/ubuntu/My CDROM 2017-01-14-16-54-41-00
命令 blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="BOOT" UUID="E467-B07A" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI System Partition" PARTUUID="7cbed102-d376-4057-8a0d-eb2794ddf36c"
/dev/sda2: UUID="fcbf606a-0ac2-4da9-b0c6-ee8612ed5048" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="c12001d1-8c66-42f8-8d2d-f02c2c5535c8"
/dev/sda4: LABEL="WorkBench" UUID="5fc99d45-40ad-400e-993d-10e1c760136c" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="WorkBench" PARTUUID="1b7cff28-a8a9-48ca-a14b-511f78814c59"
/dev/sda5: LABEL="Entertainment" UUID="dc3ed43c-e8df-4a8c-8717-b9ffae68873d" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="Entertainment" PARTUUID="dd76139e-aeec-4963-98b6-3b2cc76e6c3d"
/dev/sr0: UUID="2018-04-26-18-43-51-00" LABEL="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS amd64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="2b192737" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sda3: UUID="76b0dd9f-0ee3-4a57-b2f7-085b5681353a" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="56845884-ee7e-4b17-bac0-0033a93641f3"
sudo parted -l
Model: ATA TOSHIBA MQ04ABF1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 EFI System Partition boot, esp
2 538MB 205GB 205GB ext4
4 205GB 581GB 376GB ext4 WorkBench
5 581GB 994GB 413GB ext4 Entertainment
3 994GB 1000GB 6313MB linux-swap(v1)
猫/etc/fstab
overlay / overlay rw 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0
猫/媒体/ubuntu/fcbf606a-0ac2-4da9-b0c6-ee8612ed5048/etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=fcbf606a-0ac2-4da9-b0c6-ee8612ed5048 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=E467-B07A /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=76b0dd9f-0ee3-4a57-b2f7-085b5681353a none swap sw 0 0
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 622D36C8-88E4-4F3B-85C6-FAF1850F0B74
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/sda2 1050624 401051647 400001024 190.8G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 1941192704 1953523711 12331008 5.9G Linux swap
/dev/sda4 401051648 1135054847 734003200 350G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda5 1135054848 1941192703 806137856 384.4G Linux filesystem
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Disk /dev/sdb: 14.7 GiB, 15728640000 bytes, 30720000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2b192737
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 30717951 30715904 14.7G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
ls -l /媒体/ubuntu/fcbf606a-0ac2-4da9-b0c6-ee8612ed5048/boot
我使用 Live DVD 获得了此输出。我将initramfs在此之后添加提示输出。
-rw------- 1 root root 4047147 Oct 23 14:44 System.map-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 4048025 Dec 3 22:18 System.map-4.15.0-42-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1537997 Oct 23 14:44 abi-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1538114 Dec 3 22:18 abi-4.15.0-42-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 217018 Oct 23 14:44 config-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 217023 Dec 3 22:18 config-4.15.0-42-generic
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 14:06 efi
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 14 19:38 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 55474757 Nov 20 14:43 initrd.img-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 55485262 Dec 14 19:38 initrd.img-4.15.0-42-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182704 Jan 28 2016 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184380 Jan 28 2016 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184840 Jan 28 2016 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 23 14:44 retpoline-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 3 22:18 retpoline-4.15.0-42-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 8277752 Oct 23 14:59 vmlinuz-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 8277752 Nov 15 19:04 vmlinuz-4.15.0-42-generic
sudo fsck -f /dev/sda2
fsck from util-linux 2.31.1
e2fsck 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
/dev/sda2 is mounted.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
卸载后；
fsck from util-linux 2.31.1
e2fsck 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/sda2: 453874/12500992 files (0.4% non-contiguous), 8062067/50000128 blocks
ls -al /启动
total 136440
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Dec 19 12:18 .
drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 4096 Dec 19 14:45 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1537997 Oct 23 20:14 abi-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1538114 Dec 4 03:48 abi-4.15.0-42-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 217018 Oct 23 20:14 config-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 217023 Dec 4 03:48 config-4.15.0-42-generic
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Jan 1 1970 efi
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 15 01:08 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 55474757 Nov 20 20:13 initrd.img-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 55485295 Dec 19 12:18 initrd.img-4.15.0-42-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182704 Jan 28 2016 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184380 Jan 28 2016 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184840 Jan 28 2016 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 23 20:14 retpoline-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 4 03:48 retpoline-4.15.0-42-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 4047147 Oct 23 20:14 System.map-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 4048025 Dec 4 03:48 System.map-4.15.0-42-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 8277752 Oct 23 20:29 vmlinuz-4.15.0-39-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 8277752 Nov 16 00:34 vmlinuz-4.15.0-42-generic
答案1
从评论和聊天中...
initrd.img-4.15.0-42-generic正在损坏。重建它没有帮助。
如果您有好的备份，您可以启动到 -39，然后删除 /boot 中的所有 -42 文件，然后执行应用Software Updater程序，然后看看您是否可以正常启动。sudo rm -i /boot/*4.15.0-42*
也许也应该做一个sudo update-grub。
删除 /boot 中的 -42 文件并执行后Software Updater问题解决。
答案2
经过与 @heynnema 和 @kasperd 的长时间讨论，我们找到了解决方案。我有两个 initrd.img 映像（我所知道的 linux 内核映像）。一个是 42，另一个是 39。我们启动到 39 并运行这些命令。
sudo fsck -f /dev/sda2 sudo debsums -s
之后，我们删除了 42 个图像并运行了软件更新。
sudo rm -i /boot/*4.15.0-42* sudo apt update
现在它开始工作了。这是@heynnemas 的主意。谢谢@heynnema 和@kasperd，也谢谢你们。
答案3
尝试以 root 用户身份或
sudo -i
fdisk -l
那么，在你的情况下，错误是/dev/sda2
这样的
umount /dev/sda2
fsck -y /dev/sda2
poweroff