我有一台 i3 第五代华硕笔记本电脑。它大约有 3 到 4 年的历史了。最近，我在它上面安装 Windows 10 时遇到了启动问题。所以我决定永久迁移到 Ubuntu 20.04。但我遇到了同样的问题。当我按下电源按钮时，操作系统没有启动，并显示以下错误 -
Reboot and Select proper Boot device
or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key
BIOS 无法检测到我的硬盘。但是当我尝试从 USB 棒安装时，Ubuntu 每次都能检测到硬盘，没有任何问题。此外，Ubuntu 安装成功，但重启后无法启动。有解决办法吗？或者我可以在不使用 BIOS 的情况下通过另一个 USB 棒手动从硬盘启动吗？
聪明的 ：
Model Family: Toshiba 2.5" HDD MQ01ABD...
Device Model: TOSHIBA MQ01ABD100
Serial Number: ********
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 6f2484d35
Firmware Version: AX0R2J
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Wed Mar 31 05:52:14 2021 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 239) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 1801
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1843
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 092 092 000 Old_age Always - 3376
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 136 100 030 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1830
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 817
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 49
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 17300
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 33 (Min/Max 13/47)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 10193
220 Disk_Shift 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
222 Loaded_Hours 0x0032 093 093 000 Old_age Always - 3115
223 Load_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
224 Load_Friction 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
226 Load-in_Time 0x0026 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 264
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0001 100 100 001 Pre-fail Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 10910 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 10910 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3376 hours (140 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 41 10 2f 01 00 40 Error: ICRC, ABRT at LBA = 0x0000012f = 303
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 08 10 28 01 00 40 00 00:00:38.181 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 08 20 01 00 40 00 00:00:38.181 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 00 18 01 00 40 00 00:00:38.181 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 f0 10 01 00 40 00 00:00:38.181 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 b8 08 01 00 40 00 00:00:38.172 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 10909 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3376 hours (140 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 41 98 0f 01 00 40 Error: ICRC, ABRT at LBA = 0x0000010f = 271
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 08 98 08 01 00 40 00 00:00:37.749 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 90 f8 00 00 40 00 00:00:37.749 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 88 f0 00 00 40 00 00:00:37.749 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 80 e8 00 00 40 00 00:00:37.748 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 78 e0 00 00 40 00 00:00:37.748 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 10908 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3376 hours (140 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 41 30 2f 00 00 40 Error: ICRC, ABRT at LBA = 0x0000002f = 47
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 08 30 28 00 00 40 00 00:00:37.317 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 03 00 00 00 a0 00 00:00:37.316 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 00:00:37.316 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:00:37.315 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:00:37.314 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 10907 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3376 hours (140 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 41 90 37 00 00 40 Error: ICRC, ABRT at LBA = 0x00000037 = 55
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 f8 a8 08 01 00 40 00 00:00:36.892 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 78 a0 88 00 00 40 00 00:00:36.892 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 30 98 48 00 00 40 00 00:00:36.892 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 10 90 28 00 00 40 00 00:00:36.892 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 88 10 00 00 40 00 00:00:36.892 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 10906 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3375 hours (140 days + 15 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 41 38 6f 6b 70 40 Error: ICRC, ABRT at LBA = 0x00706b6f = 7367535
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 08 38 68 6b 70 40 00 00:01:19.559 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 30 58 6b 70 40 00 00:01:19.559 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 28 50 6b 70 40 00 00:01:19.559 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 20 48 6b 70 40 00 00:01:19.559 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 18 40 6b 70 40 00 00:01:19.559 READ FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.```