我想开始学习 Linux。所以我在以前使用 Windows 的旧笔记本电脑上安装了 ubuntu。安装后，我意识到我无法连接到 wifi。Ubuntu 的选项仅包括有线网络连接选项。当我在这台电脑上安装 Windows 时，wifi 工作正常。我尝试四处寻找修复方法，但似乎没有任何效果。然后我尝试重新安装 ubuntu，以为这是一个安装错误，但它仍然不起作用。
也许有人可以帮助我解决这个问题。
选项菜单
mashas@mashas-Aspire-E5:~$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 0b)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 0b)
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller (rev 0b)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series USB xHCI HC (rev 04)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series HECI #0 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series HD Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev e4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev e4)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev e4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series USB EHCI #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 8 Series SMBus Controller (rev 04)
01:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8411B PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)
01:00.1 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 12)
02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM43142 802.11b/g/n (rev 01)
03:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF117M [GeForce 610M/710M/810M/820M / GT 620M/625M/630M/720M] (rev a1)
目前我正在使用 usb thedering。
mashas@mashas-Aspire-E5:~$ sudo lshw -C network
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0.1
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.1
logical name: enp1s0f1
version: 12
serial: f0:76:1c:2d:33:60
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=5.8.0-43-generic firmware=rtl8411-2_0.0.1 07/08/13 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII
resources: irq:18 ioport:4000(size=256) memory:b3504000-b3504fff memory:b3500000-b3503fff
*-network UNCLAIMED
description: Network controller
product: BCM43142 802.11b/g/n
vendor: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
version: 01
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:b3400000-b3407fff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@2:1
logical name: usb0
serial: 22:dc:20:0a:3c:bf
capabilities: ethernet physical
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rndis_host driverversion=22-Aug-2005 firmware=RNDIS device ip=192.168.42.29 link=yes multicast=yes
########## wireless info START ##########
Report from: 16 Jul 2021 19:50 EEST +0300
Booted last: 16 Jul 2021 00:00 EEST +0300
Script from: 25 Jan 2020 03:34 UTC +0000
##### release ###########################
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
##### kernel ############################
Linux 5.8.0-43-generic #49~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Feb 5 09:57:56 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Parameters: ro, quiet, splash, vt.handoff=7
##### desktop ###########################
Ubuntu
##### lspci #############################
01:00.1 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller [10ec:8168] (rev 12)
Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller [1025:0866]
Kernel driver in use: r8169
02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)
Subsystem: Lite-On Communications Inc BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [11ad:6645]
03:00.0 3D controller [0302]: NVIDIA Corporation GF117M [GeForce 610M/710M/810M/820M / GT 620M/625M/630M/720M] [10de:1140] (rev a1)
##### lsusb #############################
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04f2:b452 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd HD WebCam
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 04ca:2009 Lite-On Technology Corp. BCM43142A0
Bus 002 Device 009: ID 04e8:6864 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd GT-I9070 (network tethering, USB debugging enabled)
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
##### PCMCIA card info ##################
##### rfkill ############################
0: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
1: acer-bluetooth: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: yes
Hard blocked: no
2: hci0: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: yes
Hard blocked: no
##### secure boot #######################
SecureBoot enabled
##### lsmod #############################
cfg80211 778240 0
mxm_wmi 16384 1 nouveau
acer_wmi 24576 0
wmi_bmof 16384 0
sparse_keymap 16384 1 acer_wmi
wmi 32768 4 acer_wmi,wmi_bmof,mxm_wmi,nouveau
video 49152 3 acer_wmi,i915,nouveau
##### interfaces ########################
##### ifconfig ##########################
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback <MAC address> brd <MAC address>
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0f1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether <MAC 'enp1s0f1' [IF1]> brd <MAC address>
5: usb0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether <MAC 'usb0' [IF2]> brd <MAC address>
inet 192.168.42.29/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute usb0
valid_lft 3013sec preferred_lft 3013sec
inet6 fe80::b81d:e803:2fdc:ef7f/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
##### iwconfig ##########################
lo no wireless extensions.
enp1s0f1 no wireless extensions.
usb0 no wireless extensions.
##### route #############################
default via 192.168.42.129 dev usb0 proto dhcp metric 100
169.254.0.0/16 dev usb0 scope link metric 1000
192.168.42.0/24 dev usb0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.29 metric 100
##### resolv.conf #######################
[777 root '/etc/resolv.conf' -> '../run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf']
nameserver 127.0.0.53
options edns0 trust-ad
##### network managers ##################
Installed:
NetworkManager
Running:
root 648 1 0 19:01 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
##### NetworkManager info ###############
GENERAL.DEVICE: usb0
GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet
GENERAL.NM-TYPE: NMDeviceEthernet
GENERAL.DBUS-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/5
GENERAL.VENDOR: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
GENERAL.PRODUCT: GT-I9070 (network tethering, USB debugging enabled)
GENERAL.DRIVER: rndis_host
GENERAL.DRIVER-VERSION: 22-Aug-2005
GENERAL.FIRMWARE-VERSION: RNDIS device
GENERAL.HWADDR: <MAC 'usb0' [IF2]>
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected)
GENERAL.REASON: 0 (No reason given)
GENERAL.IP4-CONNECTIVITY: 4 (full)
GENERAL.IP6-CONNECTIVITY: 3 (limited)
GENERAL.UDI: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0/net/usb0
GENERAL.IP-IFACE: usb0
GENERAL.IS-SOFTWARE: no
GENERAL.NM-MANAGED: yes
GENERAL.AUTOCONNECT: yes
GENERAL.FIRMWARE-MISSING: no
GENERAL.NM-PLUGIN-MISSING: no
GENERAL.PHYS-PORT-ID: --
GENERAL.CONNECTION: Wired connection 2
GENERAL.CON-UUID: 6439afbb-afc0-3e99-80ea-279512faa919
GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3
GENERAL.METERED: yes (guessed)
CAPABILITIES.CARRIER-DETECT: yes
CAPABILITIES.SPEED: unknown
CAPABILITIES.IS-SOFTWARE: no
CAPABILITIES.SRIOV: no
INTERFACE-FLAGS.UP: yes
INTERFACE-FLAGS.LOWER-UP: yes
INTERFACE-FLAGS.CARRIER: yes
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.42.29/24
IP4.GATEWAY: 192.168.42.129
IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 192.168.42.129, mt = 100
IP4.ROUTE[2]: dst = 192.168.42.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
IP4.ROUTE[3]: dst = 169.254.0.0/16, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 1000
IP4.DNS[1]: 192.168.42.129
DHCP4.OPTION[1]: dhcp_lease_time = 3600
DHCP4.OPTION[2]: domain_name_servers = 192.168.42.129
DHCP4.OPTION[3]: expiry = 1626457239
DHCP4.OPTION[4]: host_name = mashas-Aspire-E5
DHCP4.OPTION[5]: ip_address = 192.168.42.29
DHCP4.OPTION[6]: next_server = 192.168.42.129
DHCP4.OPTION[7]: requested_broadcast_address = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[8]: requested_domain_name = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[9]: requested_domain_name_servers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[10]: requested_domain_search = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[11]: requested_host_name = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[12]: requested_interface_mtu = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[13]: requested_ms_classless_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[14]: requested_nis_domain = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[15]: requested_nis_servers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[16]: requested_ntp_servers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[17]: requested_rfc3442_classless_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[18]: requested_root_path = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[19]: requested_routers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[20]: requested_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[21]: requested_subnet_mask = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[22]: requested_time_offset = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[23]: requested_wpad = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[24]: routers = 192.168.42.129
DHCP4.OPTION[25]: subnet_mask = 255.255.255.0
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::b81d:e803:2fdc:ef7f/64
IP6.GATEWAY: --
IP6.ROUTE[1]: dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 100
IP6.ROUTE[2]: dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255
CONNECTIONS.AVAILABLE-CONNECTION-PATHS: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/4
CONNECTIONS.AVAILABLE-CONNECTIONS[1]: 6439afbb-afc0-3e99-80ea-279512faa919 | Wired connection 2
GENERAL.DEVICE: enp1s0f1
GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet
GENERAL.NM-TYPE: NMDeviceEthernet
GENERAL.DBUS-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/2
GENERAL.VENDOR: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
GENERAL.PRODUCT: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
GENERAL.DRIVER: r8169
GENERAL.DRIVER-VERSION: 5.8.0-43-generic
GENERAL.FIRMWARE-VERSION: --
GENERAL.HWADDR: <MAC 'enp1s0f1' [IF1]>
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 20 (unavailable)
GENERAL.REASON: 2 (Device is now managed)
GENERAL.IP4-CONNECTIVITY: 1 (none)
GENERAL.IP6-CONNECTIVITY: 1 (none)
GENERAL.UDI: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:01:00.1/net/enp1s0f1
GENERAL.IP-IFACE: --
GENERAL.IS-SOFTWARE: no
GENERAL.NM-MANAGED: yes
GENERAL.AUTOCONNECT: yes
GENERAL.FIRMWARE-MISSING: no
GENERAL.NM-PLUGIN-MISSING: no
GENERAL.PHYS-PORT-ID: --
GENERAL.CONNECTION: --
GENERAL.CON-UUID: --
GENERAL.CON-PATH: --
GENERAL.METERED: unknown
CAPABILITIES.CARRIER-DETECT: yes
CAPABILITIES.SPEED: unknown
CAPABILITIES.IS-SOFTWARE: no
CAPABILITIES.SRIOV: no
INTERFACE-FLAGS.UP: yes
INTERFACE-FLAGS.LOWER-UP: no
INTERFACE-FLAGS.CARRIER: no
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: off
CONNECTIONS.AVAILABLE-CONNECTION-PATHS: --
##### NetworkManager.state ##############
cat: /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state: No such file or directory
##### NetworkManager config #############
[[/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf]]
[connection]
wifi.powersave = 3
[[/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf]]
[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
[ifupdown]
managed=false
[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
[[/usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-dns-resolved.conf]]
[main]
dns=systemd-resolved
[[/usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf]]
[keyfile]
unmanaged-devices=*,except:type:wifi,except:type:gsm,except:type:cdma
[[/usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/20-connectivity-ubuntu.conf]]
[connectivity]
uri=http://connectivity-check.ubuntu.com/
[[/usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/no-mac-addr-change.conf]]
[device-mac-addr-change-wifi]
match-device=driver:rtl8723bs,driver:rtl8189es,driver:r8188eu,driver:8188eu,driver:eagle_sdio,driver:wl
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
##### NetworkManager profiles ###########
##### Netplan config ####################
[/etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml]
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
##### iw reg get ########################
Region: Europe/Tallinn (based on set time zone)
global
country 00: DFS-UNSET
(2402 - 2472 @ 40), (N/A, 20), (N/A)
(2457 - 2482 @ 20), (N/A, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
(2474 - 2494 @ 20), (N/A, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN
(5170 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
(5250 - 5330 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
(5490 - 5730 @ 160), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), DFS, PASSIVE-SCAN
(5735 - 5835 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN
(57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 0), (N/A)
##### iwlist channels ###################
lo no frequency information.
enp1s0f1 no frequency information.
usb0 no frequency information.
##### iwlist scan #######################
lo Interface doesn't support scanning.
enp1s0f1 Interface doesn't support scanning.
usb0 Interface doesn't support scanning.
##### module infos ######################
[cfg80211]
filename: /lib/modules/5.8.0-43-generic/kernel/net/wireless/cfg80211.ko
description: wireless configuration support
license: GPL
depends:
retpoline: Y
intree: Y
name: cfg80211
vermagic: 5.8.0-43-generic SMP mod_unload
parm: bss_entries_limit:limit to number of scan BSS entries (per wiphy, default 1000) (int)
parm: ieee80211_regdom:IEEE 802.11 regulatory domain code (charp)
parm: cfg80211_disable_40mhz_24ghz:Disable 40MHz support in the 2.4GHz band (bool)
##### module parameters #################
[cfg80211]
bss_entries_limit: 1000
cfg80211_disable_40mhz_24ghz: N
ieee80211_regdom: 00
##### /etc/modules ######################
##### modprobe options ##################
[/etc/modprobe.d/amd64-microcode-blacklist.conf]
blacklist microcode
[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ath_pci.conf]
blacklist ath_pci
[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf]
blacklist evbug
blacklist usbmouse
blacklist usbkbd
blacklist eepro100
blacklist de4x5
blacklist eth1394
blacklist snd_intel8x0m
blacklist snd_aw2
blacklist prism54
blacklist bcm43xx
blacklist garmin_gps
blacklist asus_acpi
blacklist snd_pcsp
blacklist pcspkr
blacklist amd76x_edac
[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-rare-network.conf]
alias net-pf-3 off
alias net-pf-6 off
alias net-pf-9 off
alias net-pf-11 off
alias net-pf-12 off
alias net-pf-19 off
alias net-pf-21 off
alias net-pf-36 off
[/etc/modprobe.d/intel-microcode-blacklist.conf]
blacklist microcode
[/etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf]
remove iwlwifi \
(/sbin/lsmod | grep -o -e ^iwlmvm -e ^iwldvm -e ^iwlwifi | xargs /sbin/rmmod) \
&& /sbin/modprobe -r mac80211
##### rc.local ##########################
grep: /etc/rc.local: No such file or directory
##### pm-utils ##########################
##### udev rules ########################
##### dmesg #############################
[ 44.099055] r8169 0000:01:00.1 enp1s0f1: Link is Down
[ 329.414323] rndis_host 2-1:1.0 usb0: register 'rndis_host' at usb-0000:00:14.0-1, RNDIS device, <MAC address>
[ 336.163613] rndis_host 2-1:1.0 usb0: unregister 'rndis_host' usb-0000:00:14.0-1, RNDIS device
[ 336.640093] rndis_host 2-1:1.0 usb0: register 'rndis_host' at usb-0000:00:14.0-1, RNDIS device, <MAC address>
[ 567.622119] rndis_host 2-1:1.0 usb0: unregister 'rndis_host' usb-0000:00:14.0-1, RNDIS device
[ 573.930681] rndis_host 2-1:1.0 usb0: register 'rndis_host' at usb-0000:00:14.0-1, RNDIS device, <MAC 'usb0' [IF2]>
########## wireless info END ############
答案1
如果您使用的是 Ubuntu 20.04 或更新版本，则需要删除bcmwl驱动程序并将其替换为 Broadcom 的软件包：
sudo apt purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt install broadcom-sta-source broadcom-sta-dkms broadcom-sta-common
这应该可以帮你解决。