我有 ubuntu 服务器，我想在其上创建 VPN 访问。为此我使用 OpenVPN。另外，对于教程，我正在阅读这个： 教程 问题是，当我使用 iptables 阻止流量并再次使用 VPN 客户端连接到服务器时，我无法从浏览器打开服务器。我仍然拥有 SSH 访问权限。在此服务器中，我还使用 docker 容器来运行我的图像。所以问题是本教程中是否有我做错的错误？
服务器.conf 文件
#################################################
# Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for #
# multi-client server. #
# #
# This file is for the server side #
# of a many-clients <-> one-server #
# OpenVPN configuration. #
# #
# OpenVPN also supports #
# single-machine <-> single-machine #
# configurations (See the Examples page #
# on the web site for more info). #
# #
# This config should work on Windows #
# or Linux/BSD systems. Remember on #
# Windows to quote pathnames and use #
# double backslashes, e.g.: #
# "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" #
# #
# Comments are preceded with '#' or ';' #
#################################################
# Which local IP address should OpenVPN
# listen on? (optional)
;local a.b.c.d
# Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on?
# If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances
# on the same machine, use a different port
# number for each one. You will need to
# open up this port on your firewall.
port 1194
# TCP or UDP server?
;proto tcp
proto udp
# "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel,
# "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel.
# Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging
# and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface
# and bridged it with your ethernet interface.
# If you want to control access policies
# over the VPN, you must create firewall
# rules for the the TUN/TAP interface.
# On non-Windows systems, you can give
# an explicit unit number, such as tun0.
# On Windows, use "dev-node" for this.
# On most systems, the VPN will not function
# unless you partially or fully disable
# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
;dev tap
dev tun
# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
# from the Network Connections panel if you
# have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher,
# you may need to selectively disable the
# Windows firewall for the TAP adapter.
# Non-Windows systems usually don't need this.
;dev-node MyTap
# SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate
# (cert), and private key (key). Each client
# and the server must have their own cert and
# key file. The server and all clients will
# use the same ca file.
#
# See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series
# of scripts for generating RSA certificates
# and private keys. Remember to use
# a unique Common Name for the server
# and each of the client certificates.
#
# Any X509 key management system can be used.
# OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file
# (see "pkcs12" directive in man page).
ca ca.crt
cert wserver.crt
key wserver.key # This file should be kept secret
# Diffie hellman parameters.
# Generate your own with:
# openssl dhparam -out dh2048.pem 2048
dh dh2048.pem
# Network topology
# Should be subnet (addressing via IP)
# unless Windows clients v2.0.9 and lower have to
# be supported (then net30, i.e. a /30 per client)
# Defaults to net30 (not recommended)
;topology subnet
# Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet
# for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from.
# The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself,
# the rest will be made available to clients.
# Each client will be able to reach the server
# on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are
# ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info.
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
# Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address
# associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or
# is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned
# the same virtual IP address from the pool that was
# previously assigned.
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging.
# You must first use your OS's bridging capability
# to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet
# NIC interface. Then you must manually set the
# IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we
# assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we
# must set aside an IP range in this subnet
# (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate
# to connecting clients. Leave this line commented
# out unless you are ethernet bridging.
;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100
# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging
# using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk
# to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server
# to receive their IP address allocation
# and DNS server addresses. You must first use
# your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP
# interface with the ethernet NIC interface.
# Note: this mode only works on clients (such as
# Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is
# bound to a DHCP client.
;server-bridge
# Push routes to the client to allow it
# to reach other private subnets behind
# the server. Remember that these
# private subnets will also need
# to know to route the OpenVPN client
# address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0)
# back to the OpenVPN server.
;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0"
;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0"
# Clients are to use this server as a network gateway.
push "redirect-gateway def1"
# To assign specific IP addresses to specific
# clients or if a connecting client has a private
# subnet behind it that should also have VPN access,
# use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific
# configuration files (see man page for more info).
# EXAMPLE: Suppose the client
# having the certificate common name "Thelonious"
# also has a small subnet behind his connecting
# machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248.
# First, uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
# Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line:
# iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
# This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to
# access the VPN. This example will only work
# if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are
# using "dev tun" and "server" directives.
# EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give
# Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1.
# First uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252
# Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious:
# ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2
# Suppose that you want to enable different
# firewall access policies for different groups
# of clients. There are two methods:
# (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each
# group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface
# for each group/daemon appropriately.
# (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically
# modify the firewall in response to access
# from different clients. See man
# page for more info on learn-address script.
;learn-address ./script
# If enabled, this directive will configure
# all clients to redirect their default
# network gateway through the VPN, causing
# all IP traffic such as web browsing and
# and DNS lookups to go through the VPN
# (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT
# or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet
# in order for this to work properly).
push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"
# Certain Windows-specific network settings
# can be pushed to clients, such as DNS
# or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT:
# http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats
# The addresses below refer to the public
# DNS servers provided by opendns.com.
push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222"
push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220"
# Uncomment this directive to allow different
# clients to be able to "see" each other.
# By default, clients will only see the server.
# To force clients to only see the server, you
# will also need to appropriately firewall the
# server's TUN/TAP interface.
;client-to-client
# Uncomment this directive if multiple clients
# might connect with the same certificate/key
# files or common names. This is recommended
# only for testing purposes. For production use,
# each client should have its own certificate/key
# pair.
#
# IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL
# CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT,
# EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME",
# UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT.
;duplicate-cn
# The keepalive directive causes ping-like
# messages to be sent back and forth over
# the link so that each side knows when
# the other side has gone down.
# Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote
# peer is down if no ping received during
# a 120 second time period.
keepalive 10 120
# For extra security beyond that provided
# by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall"
# to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding.
#
# Generate with:
# openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key
#
# The server and each client must have
# a copy of this key.
# The second parameter should be '0'
# on the server and '1' on the clients.
tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret
key-direction 0
# Select a cryptographic cipher.
# This config item must be copied to
# the client config file as well.
;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default)
cipher AES-256-CBC # AES
;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES
auth SHA256
# Enable compression on the VPN link.
# If you enable it here, you must also
# enable it in the client config file.
comp-lzo
# The maximum number of concurrently connected
# clients we want to allow.
;max-clients 100
# It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN
# daemon's privileges after initialization.
#
# You can uncomment this out on
# non-Windows systems.
user nobody
group nogroup
# The persist options will try to avoid
# accessing certain resources on restart
# that may no longer be accessible because
# of the privilege downgrade.
persist-key
persist-tun
# Output a short status file showing
# current connections, truncated
# and rewritten every minute.
status openvpn-status.log
# By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or
# on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to
# the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory).
# Use log or log-append to override this default.
# "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup,
# while "log-append" will append to it. Use one
# or the other (but not both).
;log openvpn.log
;log-append openvpn.log
# Set the appropriate level of log
# file verbosity.
#
# 0 is silent, except for fatal errors
# 4 is reasonable for general usage
# 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems
# 9 is extremely verbose
verb 3
# Silence repeating messages. At most 20
# sequential messages of the same message
# category will be output to the log.
;mute 20
IP地址详细信息
root@scw-71f02e:~# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether de:19:68:1a:10:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.4.107.133/31 brd 10.4.107.133 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::dc19:68ff:fe1a:1002/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ip6_vti0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
link/tunnel6 :: brd ::
4: sit0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
5: ip6tnl0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1452 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
link/tunnel6 :: brd ::
7: br-7a0b6054cfcc: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:87:1f:78:92 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.19.0.1/16 scope global br-7a0b6054cfcc
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:87ff:fe1f:7892/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:4e:9e:0e:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:4eff:fe9e:ea3/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
9: br-a9f47349cd0a: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:69:80:40:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.20.0.1/16 scope global br-a9f47349cd0a
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:69ff:fe80:40ff/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: br-eadb628ff757: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:b8:29:a5:5b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.18.0.1/16 scope global br-eadb628ff757
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:b8ff:fe29:a55b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: veth43bacbe@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-7a0b6054cfcc state UP group default
link/ether 16:8a:ad:ea:61:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 4
inet6 fe80::148a:adff:feea:6145/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
14: veth6643630@if13: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-a9f47349cd0a state UP group default
link/ether 2e:aa:81:6f:54:e9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 11
inet6 fe80::2caa:81ff:fe6f:54e9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
16: vetha1e6703@if15: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-7a0b6054cfcc state UP group default
link/ether e2:ea:24:f9:9e:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 3
inet6 fe80::e0ea:24ff:fef9:9eb8/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
18: veth5f6842b@if17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-7a0b6054cfcc state UP group default
link/ether d2:b1:ad:11:5a:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 5
inet6 fe80::d0b1:adff:fe11:5a8e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
20: veth6356df6@if19: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-eadb628ff757 state UP group default
link/ether 86:67:ab:6c:e1:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 2
inet6 fe80::8467:abff:fe6c:e1c6/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
22: veth8ee8fd4@if21: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-a9f47349cd0a state UP group default
link/ether ca:86:b4:05:21:4b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 8
inet6 fe80::c886:b4ff:fe05:214b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
24: vetha3581cf@if23: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether a6:d4:56:34:28:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::a4d4:56ff:fe34:2883/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
26: vethee6d4a4@if25: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-eadb628ff757 state UP group default
link/ether 9a:f3:52:d1:77:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
inet6 fe80::98f3:52ff:fed1:7724/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
28: vethbebf7e8@if27: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-eadb628ff757 state UP group default
link/ether b6:de:90:76:61:92 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 9
inet6 fe80::b4de:90ff:fe76:6192/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
31: tun0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 100
link/none
inet 10.8.0.1 peer 10.8.0.2/32 scope global tun0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42c1:4b65:65f9:1bcb/64 scope link flags 800
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
我的目标是仅通过 VPN 访问所有 docker 实例 - jenkins、nexus、portainer、DB 等。
client_machine ------> VPN --->Docker 容器
我不想要这个： client_machine ------X----> Docker-containers
这是 iptables：
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
2 REJECT all -- 127.0.0.0/8 anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
3 ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW icmp echo-request
4 ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
5 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW,ESTABLISHED tcp dpt:ssh
6 ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW,ESTABLISHED udp dpt:openvpn
7 ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere state ESTABLISHED udp spt:domain
8 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state ESTABLISHED tcp spt:domain
9 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state ESTABLISHED tcp spt:http
10 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state ESTABLISHED tcp spt:https
11 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
12 LOG all -- anywhere anywhere limit: avg 3/min burst 5 LOG level warning prefix "iptables_INPUT_denied: "
13 REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
Chain FORWARD (policy DROP)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
2 ACCEPT all -- 10.8.0.0/24 anywhere
3 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
4 LOG all -- anywhere anywhere limit: avg 3/min burst 5 LOG level warning prefix "iptables_FORWARD_denied: "
5 REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
2 ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere
3 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state ESTABLISHED tcp spt:ssh
4 ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere state ESTABLISHED udp spt:openvpn
5 ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW,ESTABLISHED udp dpt:domain
6 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW,ESTABLISHED tcp dpt:domain
7 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW,ESTABLISHED tcp dpt:http
8 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW,ESTABLISHED tcp dpt:https
9 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
10 LOG all -- anywhere anywhere limit: avg 3/min burst 5 LOG level warning prefix "iptables_OUTPUT_denied: "
11 REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
答案1
您需要添加push "redirect-gateway def1"到服务器的配置文件中。
使用此选项，所有客户端流量都将通过 VPN 连接重定向。