该标题实际上并不意味着我希望 GRUB 能够识别我的桌面环境。我只想在不同的环境中单独安装 Debian 9，并且能够在 GRUB 菜单中识别它们。
我尝试更改 /etc/default/grub，但这仅在当前系统（比如说 Debian 9.2 xfce）中使用，因此其他系统（比如说 Debian 9.2 lxde）只看到“Debian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch)” ”。
我不明白我必须更改哪个文件，以便每个操作系统的 GRUB 都会给出适当的条目名称（带有桌面环境）。
我查看了正在讨论更改 40_custom 或 30_os_prober 的类似主题，但没有找到答案。
答案1
我同意 Time4Tea 关于在单个系统上拥有多个 DE 的评论，但是，如果您确实想要有两个单独的安装，那么我建议您选择一个作为主要用于配置 grub 的。例如，对于Debian xfce，我会编辑，/etc/grub.d/10_linux然后/etc/grub.d/40_customDebian LXDE。请务必在编辑这些文件之前先对其进行备份。然后运行update-grub将更改应用到/boot/grub/grub.cfg.
答案2
最后，在我的 debian 系统进行一些更新后，之前的设置（在此编辑之前）无法工作。所以我这样解决了这个问题：
在每个发行版的 /etc/grub.d/10_linux 文件中，我添加了一个单词来显示发行版中使用的 DE，如下所示（请参阅“MATE”）：
if [ "x${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR}" = "x" ] ; then
OS=GNU/Linux
else
case ${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} in
Ubuntu|Kubuntu)
OS="${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR}"
;;
*)
OS="${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} MATE"
;;
esac
CLASS="--class $(echo ${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' | cut -d' ' -f1|LC$
fi
然后我编辑了文件 /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober 并更改了一些内容。
我的最终文件是：
#! /bin/sh
set -e
# grub-mkconfig helper script.
# Copyright (C) 2006,2007,2008,2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
prefix="/usr"
exec_prefix="/usr"
datarootdir="/usr/share"
quick_boot="0"
export TEXTDOMAIN=grub
export TEXTDOMAINDIR="${datarootdir}/locale"
. "$pkgdatadir/grub-mkconfig_lib"
found_other_os=
adjust_timeout () {
if [ "$quick_boot" = 1 ] && [ "x${found_other_os}" != "x" ]; then
cat << EOF
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "\${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
set timeout=10
fi
EOF
fi
}
if [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER}" = "xtrue" ]; then
exit 0
fi
if [ -z "`which os-prober 2> /dev/null`" ] || [ -z "`which linux-boot-prober 2> /dev/null`" ] ; then
# missing os-prober and/or linux-boot-prober
exit 0
fi
OSPROBED="`os-prober | tr ' ' '^' | paste -s -d ' '`"
if [ -z "${OSPROBED}" ] ; then
# empty os-prober output, nothing doing
exit 0
fi
osx_entry() {
found_other_os=1
if [ x$2 = x32 ]; then
# TRANSLATORS: it refers to kernel architecture (32-bit)
bitstr="$(gettext "(32-bit)")"
else
# TRANSLATORS: it refers to kernel architecture (64-bit)
bitstr="$(gettext "(64-bit)")"
fi
# TRANSLATORS: it refers on the OS residing on device %s
onstr="$(gettext_printf "(on %s)" "${DEVICE}")"
cat << EOF
menuentry '$(echo "${LONGNAME} $bitstr $onstr" | grub_quote)' --class osx --class darwin --class os \$menuentry_id_option 'osprober-xnu-$2-$(grub_get_device_id "${DEVICE}")' {
EOF
save_default_entry | grub_add_tab
prepare_grub_to_access_device ${DEVICE} | grub_add_tab
cat << EOF
load_video
set do_resume=0
if [ /var/vm/sleepimage -nt10 / ]; then
if xnu_resume /var/vm/sleepimage; then
set do_resume=1
fi
fi
if [ \$do_resume = 0 ]; then
xnu_uuid ${OSXUUID} uuid
if [ -f /Extra/DSDT.aml ]; then
acpi -e /Extra/DSDT.aml
fi
if [ /kernelcache -nt /System/Library/Extensions ]; then
$1 /kernelcache boot-uuid=\${uuid} rd=*uuid
elif [ -f /System/Library/Kernels/kernel ]; then
$1 /System/Library/Kernels/kernel boot-uuid=\${uuid} rd=*uuid
xnu_kextdir /System/Library/Extensions
else
$1 /mach_kernel boot-uuid=\${uuid} rd=*uuid
if [ /System/Library/Extensions.mkext -nt /System/Library/Extensions ]; then
xnu_mkext /System/Library/Extensions.mkext
else
xnu_kextdir /System/Library/Extensions
fi
fi
if [ -f /Extra/Extensions.mkext ]; then
xnu_mkext /Extra/Extensions.mkext
fi
if [ -d /Extra/Extensions ]; then
xnu_kextdir /Extra/Extensions
fi
if [ -f /Extra/devprop.bin ]; then
xnu_devprop_load /Extra/devprop.bin
fi
if [ -f /Extra/splash.jpg ]; then
insmod jpeg
xnu_splash /Extra/splash.jpg
fi
if [ -f /Extra/splash.png ]; then
insmod png
xnu_splash /Extra/splash.png
fi
if [ -f /Extra/splash.tga ]; then
insmod tga
xnu_splash /Extra/splash.tga
fi
fi
}
EOF
}
used_osprober_linux_ids=
wubi=
for OS in ${OSPROBED} ; do
DEVICE="`echo ${OS} | cut -d ':' -f 1`"
LONGNAME="`echo ${OS} | cut -d ':' -f 2 | tr '^' ' '`"
LABEL="`echo ${OS} | cut -d ':' -f 3 | tr '^' ' '`"
BOOT="`echo ${OS} | cut -d ':' -f 4`"
PTLABEL="`echo $(blkid -po udev ${DEVICE} |grep LABEL_ENC| sed 's/^.*=//')`"
if UUID="`${grub_probe} --target=fs_uuid --device ${DEVICE%@*}`"; then
EXPUUID="$UUID"
if [ x"${DEVICE#*@}" != x ] ; then
EXPUUID="${EXPUUID}@${DEVICE#*@}"
fi
if [ "x${GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST}" != "x" ] && [ "x`echo ${GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST} | grep -i -e '\b'${EXPUUID}'\b'`" != "x" ] ; then
echo "Skipped ${LONGNAME} on ${DEVICE} by user request." >&2
continue
fi
fi
BTRFS="`echo ${OS} | cut -d ':' -f 5`"
if [ "x$BTRFS" = "xbtrfs" ]; then
BTRFSuuid="`echo ${OS} | cut -d ':' -f 6`"
BTRFSsubvol="`echo ${OS} | cut -d ':' -f 7`"
fi
if [ -z "${LONGNAME}" ] ; then
LONGNAME="${LABEL}"
fi
# os-prober returns text string followed by optional counter
CLASS="--class $(echo "${LABEL}" | LC_ALL=C sed 's,[[:digit:]]*$,,' | cut -d' ' -f1 | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' | LC_ALL=C sed 's,[^[:alnum:]_],_,g')"
gettext_printf "Found %s on %s labeled %s\n" "${LONGNAME}" "${DEVICE}" "${PTLABEL}" >&2
case ${BOOT} in
chain)
case ${LONGNAME} in
Windows*)
if [ -z "$wubi" ]; then
if [ -x /usr/share/lupin-support/grub-mkimage ] && \
/usr/share/lupin-support/grub-mkimage --test; then
wubi=yes
else
wubi=no
fi
fi
if [ "$wubi" = yes ]; then
echo "Skipping ${LONGNAME} on Wubi system" >&2
continue
fi
;;
esac
found_other_os=1
onstr="$(gettext_printf "(on %s)" "${DEVICE}")"
cat << EOF
menuentry '$(echo "${LONGNAME} $onstr" | grub_quote)' $CLASS --class os \$menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-$(grub_get_device_id "${DEVICE}")' {
EOF
save_default_entry | grub_add_tab
prepare_grub_to_access_device ${DEVICE} | grub_add_tab
if [ x"`${grub_probe} --device ${DEVICE} --target=partmap`" = xmsdos ]; then
cat << EOF
parttool \${root} hidden-
EOF
fi
case ${LONGNAME} in
Windows\ Vista*|Windows\ 7*|Windows\ Server\ 2008*)
;;
*)
cat << EOF
drivemap -s (hd0) \${root}
EOF
;;
esac
cat <<EOF
chainloader +1
}
EOF
;;
efi)
found_other_os=1
EFIPATH=${DEVICE#*@}
DEVICE=${DEVICE%@*}
onstr="$(gettext_printf "(on %s)" "${DEVICE}")"
cat << EOF
menuentry '$(echo "${LONGNAME} $onstr" | grub_quote)' $CLASS --class os \$menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-$(grub_get_device_id "${DEVICE}")' {
EOF
save_default_entry | sed -e "s/^/\t/"
prepare_grub_to_access_device ${DEVICE} | sed -e "s/^/\t/"
cat <<EOF
chainloader ${EFIPATH}
}
EOF
;;
linux)
if [ "x$BTRFS" = "xbtrfs" ]; then
LINUXPROBED="`linux-boot-prober btrfs ${BTRFSuuid} ${BTRFSsubvol} 2> /dev/null | tr ' ' '^' | paste -s -d ' '`"
else
LINUXPROBED="`linux-boot-prober ${DEVICE} 2> /dev/null | tr ' ' '^' | paste -s -d ' '`"
fi
prepare_boot_cache=
boot_device_id=
is_top_level=true
title_correction_code=
OS="${LONGNAME}"
for LINUX in ${LINUXPROBED} ; do
LROOT="`echo ${LINUX} | cut -d ':' -f 1`"
LBOOT="`echo ${LINUX} | cut -d ':' -f 2`"
LLABEL="`echo ${LINUX} | cut -d ':' -f 3 | tr '^' ' '`"
LKERNEL="`echo ${LINUX} | cut -d ':' -f 4`"
LINITRD="`echo ${LINUX} | cut -d ':' -f 5`"
LPARAMS="`echo ${LINUX} | cut -d ':' -f 6- | tr '^' ' '`"
if [ -z "${LLABEL}" ] ; then
LLABEL="${LONGNAME}"
fi
if [ "${LROOT}" != "${LBOOT}" ]; then
LKERNEL="${LKERNEL#/boot}"
LINITRD="${LINITRD#/boot}"
fi
if [ -z "${prepare_boot_cache}" ]; then
prepare_boot_cache="$(prepare_grub_to_access_device ${LBOOT} | grub_add_tab)"
[ "${prepare_boot_cache}" ] || continue
fi
found_other_os=1
onstr="$(gettext_printf "(on %s)" "${DEVICE}")"
recovery_params="$(echo "${LPARAMS}" | grep 'single\|recovery')" || true
counter=1
while echo "$used_osprober_linux_ids" | grep 'osprober-gnulinux-$LKERNEL-${recovery_params}-$counter-$boot_device_id' > /dev/null; do
counter=$((counter+1));
done
if [ -z "$boot_device_id" ]; then
boot_device_id="$(grub_get_device_id "${DEVICE}")"
fi
used_osprober_linux_ids="$used_osprober_linux_ids 'osprober-gnulinux-$LKERNEL-${recovery_params}-$counter-$boot_device_id'"
if [ "x$is_top_level" = xtrue ] && [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU}" != xy ]; then
cat << EOF
menuentry '$(echo "$OS $PTLABEL $onstr" | grub_quote)' $CLASS --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os \$menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {
EOF
save_default_entry | grub_add_tab
printf '%s\n' "${prepare_boot_cache}"
cat << EOF
linux ${LKERNEL} ${LPARAMS}
EOF
if [ -n "${LINITRD}" ] ; then
cat << EOF
initrd ${LINITRD}
EOF
fi
cat << EOF
}
EOF
echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS} ${PTLABEL} $onstr" | grub_quote)' \$menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {"
is_top_level=false
fi
title="${LLABEL} ${PTLABEL} $onstr"
cat << EOF
menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os \$menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-$LKERNEL-${recovery_params}-$boot_device_id' {
EOF
save_default_entry | sed -e "s/^/$grub_tab$grub_tab/"
printf '%s\n' "${prepare_boot_cache}" | grub_add_tab
cat << EOF
linux ${LKERNEL} ${LPARAMS}
EOF
if [ -n "${LINITRD}" ] ; then
cat << EOF
initrd ${LINITRD}
EOF
fi
cat << EOF
}
EOF
if [ x"$title" = x"$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" ] || [ x"Previous Linux versions>$title" = x"$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" ]; then
replacement_title="$(echo "Advanced options for ${OS} $onstr" | sed 's,>,>>,g')>$(echo "$title" | sed 's,>,>>,g')"
quoted="$(echo "$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" | grub_quote)"
title_correction_code="${title_correction_code}if [ \"x\$default\" = '$quoted' ]; then default='$(echo "$replacement_title" | grub_quote)'; fi;"
grub_warn "$(gettext_printf "Please don't use old title \`%s' for GRUB_DEFAULT, use \`%s' (for versions before 2.00) or \`%s' (for 2.00 or later)" "$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" "$replacement_title" "gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id>gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id")"
fi
done
if [ x"$is_top_level" != xtrue ]; then
echo '}'
fi
echo "$title_correction_code"
;;
macosx)
if [ "${UUID}" ]; then
OSXUUID="${UUID}"
osx_entry xnu_kernel 32
osx_entry xnu_kernel64 64
fi
;;
hurd)
found_other_os=1
onstr="$(gettext_printf "(on %s)" "${DEVICE}")"
cat << EOF
menuentry '$(echo "${LONGNAME} $onstr" | grub_quote)' --class hurd --class gnu --class os \$menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnuhurd-/boot/gnumach.gz-false-$(grub_get_device_id "${DEVICE}")' {
EOF
save_default_entry | grub_add_tab
prepare_grub_to_access_device ${DEVICE} | grub_add_tab
grub_device="`${grub_probe} --device ${DEVICE} --target=drive`"
mach_device="`echo "${grub_device}" | sed -e 's/(\(hd.*\),msdos\(.*\))/\1s\2/'`"
grub_fs="`${grub_probe} --device ${DEVICE} --target=fs`"
case "${grub_fs}" in
*fs) hurd_fs="${grub_fs}" ;;
*) hurd_fs="${grub_fs}fs" ;;
esac
cat << EOF
multiboot /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:${mach_device}
module /hurd/${hurd_fs}.static ${hurd_fs} --readonly \\
--multiboot-command-line='\${kernel-command-line}' \\
--host-priv-port='\${host-port}' \\
--device-master-port='\${device-port}' \\
--exec-server-task='\${exec-task}' -T typed '\${root}' \\
'\$(task-create)' '\$(task-resume)'
module /lib/ld.so.1 exec /hurd/exec '\$(exec-task=task-create)'
}
EOF
;;
minix)
cat << EOF
menuentry "${LONGNAME} (on ${DEVICE}, Multiboot)" {
EOF
save_default_entry | sed -e "s/^/\t/"
prepare_grub_to_access_device ${DEVICE} | sed -e "s/^/\t/"
cat << EOF
multiboot /boot/image_latest
}
EOF
;;
*)
# TRANSLATORS: %s is replaced by OS name.
gettext_printf "%s is not yet supported by grub-mkconfig.\n" " ${LONGNAME}" >&2
;;
esac
done
adjust_timeout
变化是：
1）创建变量：
PTLABEL="`echo $(blkid -po udev ${DEVICE} |grep LABEL_ENC| sed 's/^.*=//')`"
2）这个变量是分区标签，我正在标记我的分区（至少是每个操作系统的根分区）。该标签保存在该变量中，然后独立于系统添加到我的系统的菜单项和子菜单中。在上面的代码中搜索PTLABEL，看看我在哪里使用了它。你也可以在任何其他类型的操作系统中使用它（我想），但我只将它用于 Linux 发行版。
3）在我们更新grub时出现的“found DISTRONAME”这句话中添加了这个变量，这样我就可以检查我的系统是否找到或哪个找到等。
这样我就可以使用磁盘标签来命名我的 grub 条目。