我有以下文件变量和值
# more file.txt
export worker01="sdg sdh sdi sdj sdk"
export worker02="sdg sdh sdi sdj sdm"
export worker03="sdg sdh sdi sdj sdf"
我执行 source 来读取变量
# source file.txt
例子:
echo $worker01
sdg sdh sdi sdj sdk
到现在为止一切都很完美
但现在我想从文件中读取变量并通过简单的 bash 循环打印值我将读取第二个字段并尝试打印变量的值
# for i in ` sed s'/=/ /g' /tmp/file.txt | awk '{print $2}' `
do
echo $i
declare var="$i"
echo $var
done
但它只打印变量而不打印值
worker01
worker01
worker02
worker02
worker03
worker03
预期输出:
worker01
sdg sdh sdi sdj sdk
worker02
sdg sdh sdi sdj sdm
worker03
sdg sdh sdi sdj sdf
答案1
你有export worker01="sdg sdh sdi sdj sdk"
,那么你换成=
一个空格就可以了export worker01 "sdg sdh sdi sdj sdk"
。其中以空格分隔的字段为export
、worker01
、"sdg
、sdh
等。
最好拆分=
并删除引号,因此只需使用 shell:
$ while IFS== read -r key val ; do
val=${val%\"}; val=${val#\"}; key=${key#export };
echo "$key = $val";
done < vars
worker01 = sdg sdh sdi sdj sdk
worker02 = sdg sdh sdi sdj sdm
worker03 = sdg sdh sdi sdj sdf
key
包含变量名、val
值。当然,这实际上并没有解析输入,它只是删除双引号(如果恰好存在)。
答案2
和awk独自的:
awk -F'"' '{print $2}' file.txt
# To print the variable name as well:
awk '{gsub(/[:=]/," "); gsub(/[:"]/,""); if ($1 = "export") {$1=""; print $0}}' file.txt
要循环它,您可以:
for i in "$(awk -F\" '{print $2}' file.txt)"; do
var="$i"
echo "$var"
done
my_array=($(awk -F\" '{print $2}' file.txt))
for element in "${my_var[@]}"; do
another_var="$element"
echo "$another_var"
done
如果您还想在循环中打印变量名称,您可以这样做:
#! /usr/bin/env bash -
while read -r line; do
if [[ "$(awk '{print $1}' <<<"$line")" == 'export' ]]; then
var_name="$(awk '{print $2}' <<<"$line" | awk -F'=' '{print $1}')"
var_value="$(awk -F\" '{print $2}' <<<"$line")"
echo -e "${var_name}\n${var_value}"
else
continue
fi
done<file.txt
输出:
$ ./script.sh
worker01
sdg sdh sdi sdj sdk
worker02
sdg sdh sdi sdj sdm
worker03
sdg sdh sdi sdj sdf
答案3
首先,您可以使用 Perl 兼容的正则表达式通过 GNU grep 命令获取变量名称:
grep -oP 'export \K[^=]+' file.txt
然后,您可以使用以下命令将其输出读入 bash 数组:
mapfile -t variables < <(grep -oP 'export \K[^=]+' file.txt)
最后,迭代变量名称并使用间接参数扩展获取值:
for v in "${variables[@]}"; do
printf "varname=%s\tvalue=%s\n" "$v" "${!v}"
done
varname=worker01 value=sdg sdh sdi sdj sdk
varname=worker02 value=sdg sdh sdi sdj sdm
varname=worker03 value=sdg sdh sdi sdj sdf
答案4
你可以使用这个sed
sed -E 's/[^ ]* ([^=]*)="([^"]*)"/\1\n\2/' file.txt
或者这个 awk
awk -F '"|=' '{split($1,a," ");print a[2]"\n"$3}' file.txt