（注意，在下面，<my_hosting_provider>为了保护隐私，我已将我的 VPS 托管提供商的域名替换为 , 。）
我的 Debian 9.3“Stretch”实例显示内核更新可用：
# apt list --upgradable -a
Listing... Done
linux-image-amd64/stable 4.9+80+deb9u3 amd64 [upgradable from: 4.9+80+deb9u2]
linux-image-amd64/stable,now 4.9+80+deb9u2 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 4.9+80+deb9u3]
我相信4.9+80+deb9u3与最近的内核安全更新相同4.9.65-3+deb9u2，旨在解决CVE-2017-5754，又名崩溃。
默认配置无法安装内核安全更新
Unattended-Upgrade::Origins-Patternin的默认内容/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades是：
Unattended-Upgrade::Origins-Pattern {
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename},label=Debian-Security";
};
完成该配置后，内核安全更新无法安装：
# unattended-upgrades -v -d
Initial blacklisted packages:
Initial whitelisted packages:
Starting unattended upgrades script
Allowed origins are: ['origin=Debian,codename=stretch,label=Debian-Security']
Checking: linux-image-amd64 ([<Origin component:'main' archive:'stable' origin:'Debian' label:'Debian-Security' site:'mirror.<my_hosting_provider>.com' isTrusted:True>])
pkg 'firmware-linux-free' not in allowed origin
sanity check failed
pkgs that look like they should be upgraded:
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)
fetch.run() result: 0
blacklist: []
whitelist: []
Packages that will be upgraded:
InstCount=0 DelCount=0 BrokenCount=0
Extracting content from '/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log' since '2018-01-05 13:11:22'
Sending mail to 'root'
mail returned: 0
修改配置安装内核安全更新
如果我改Unattended-Upgrade::Origins-Pattern去/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades读书
Unattended-Upgrade::Origins-Pattern {
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename},label=Debian";
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename},label=Debian-Security";
};
然后找到并安装安全更新：
# unattended-upgrades -v -d
Initial blacklisted packages:
Initial whitelisted packages:
Starting unattended upgrades script
Allowed origins are: ['origin=Debian,codename=stretch,label=Debian', 'origin=Debian,codename=stretch,label=Debian-Security']
Checking: linux-image-amd64 ([<Origin component:'main' archive:'stable' origin:'Debian' label:'Debian-Security' site:'mirror.<my_hosting_provider>.com' isTrusted:True>])
pkgs that look like they should be upgraded: linux-image-amd64
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)
fetch.run() result: 0
<apt_pkg.AcquireItem object:Status: 2 Complete: 1 Local: 1 IsTrusted: 1 FileSize: 19196 DestFile:'/var/cache/apt/archives/firmware-linux-free_3.4_all.deb' DescURI: 'http://mirror.<my_hosting_provider>.com/debian/pool/main/f/firmware-free/firmware-linux-free_3.4_all.deb' ID:0 ErrorText: ''>
check_conffile_prompt('/var/cache/apt/archives/firmware-linux-free_3.4_all.deb')
No conffiles in deb '/var/cache/apt/archives/firmware-linux-free_3.4_all.deb' (There is no member named 'conffiles')
<apt_pkg.AcquireItem object:Status: 2 Complete: 1 Local: 1 IsTrusted: 1 FileSize: 33252 DestFile:'/var/cache/apt/archives/libnuma1_2.0.11-2.1_amd64.deb' DescURI: 'http://mirror.<my_hosting_provider>.com/debian/pool/main/n/numactl/libnuma1_2.0.11-2.1_amd64.deb' ID:0 ErrorText: ''>
check_conffile_prompt('/var/cache/apt/archives/libnuma1_2.0.11-2.1_amd64.deb')
No conffiles in deb '/var/cache/apt/archives/libnuma1_2.0.11-2.1_amd64.deb' (There is no member named 'conffiles')
<apt_pkg.AcquireItem object:Status: 2 Complete: 1 Local: 1 IsTrusted: 1 FileSize: 38768102 DestFile:'/var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-4.9.0-5-amd64_4.9.65-3+deb9u2_amd64.deb' DescURI: 'http://mirror.<my_hosting_provider>.com/debian-security/pool/updates/main/l/linux/linux-image-4.9.0-5-amd64_4.9.65-3+deb9u2_amd64.deb' ID:0 ErrorText: ''>
check_conffile_prompt('/var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-4.9.0-5-amd64_4.9.65-3+deb9u2_amd64.deb')
No conffiles in deb '/var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-4.9.0-5-amd64_4.9.65-3+deb9u2_amd64.deb' (There is no member named 'conffiles')
<apt_pkg.AcquireItem object:Status: 2 Complete: 1 Local: 1 IsTrusted: 1 FileSize: 6994 DestFile:'/var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-amd64_4.9+80+deb9u3_amd64.deb' DescURI: 'http://mirror.<my_hosting_provider>.com/debian-security/pool/updates/main/l/linux-latest/linux-image-amd64_4.9+80+deb9u3_amd64.deb' ID:0 ErrorText: ''>
check_conffile_prompt('/var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-amd64_4.9+80+deb9u3_amd64.deb')
found pkg: linux-image-amd64
No conffiles in deb '/var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-amd64_4.9+80+deb9u3_amd64.deb' (There is no member named 'conffiles')
<apt_pkg.AcquireItem object:Status: 2 Complete: 1 Local: 1 IsTrusted: 1 FileSize: 40396 DestFile:'/var/cache/apt/archives/irqbalance_1.1.0-2.3_amd64.deb' DescURI: 'http://mirror.<my_hosting_provider>.com/debian/pool/main/i/irqbalance/irqbalance_1.1.0-2.3_amd64.deb' ID:0 ErrorText: ''>
check_conffile_prompt('/var/cache/apt/archives/irqbalance_1.1.0-2.3_amd64.deb')
blacklist: []
whitelist: []
Packages that will be upgraded: linux-image-amd64
Writing dpkg log to '/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log'
apt-listchanges: Reading changelogs...
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package firmware-linux-free.
(Reading database ... 45465 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../firmware-linux-free_3.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking firmware-linux-free (3.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libnuma1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libnuma1_2.0.11-2.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnuma1:amd64 (2.0.11-2.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.9.0-5-amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-4.9.0-5-amd64_4.9.65-3+deb9u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-image-4.9.0-5-amd64 (4.9.65-3+deb9u2) ...
Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-amd64_4.9+80+deb9u3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-image-amd64 (4.9+80+deb9u3) over (4.9+80+deb9u2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package irqbalance.
Preparing to unpack .../irqbalance_1.1.0-2.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking irqbalance (1.1.0-2.3) ...
Setting up libnuma1:amd64 (2.0.11-2.1) ...
Setting up linux-image-4.9.0-5-amd64 (4.9.65-3+deb9u2) ...
I: /vmlinuz.old is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-4-amd64
I: /initrd.img.old is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-4-amd64
I: /vmlinuz is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-5-amd64
I: /initrd.img is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-5-amd64
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-5-amd64
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-5-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-5-amd64
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-4-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-4-amd64
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-3-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-3-amd64
done
Setting up linux-image-amd64 (4.9+80+deb9u3) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (232-25+deb9u1) ...
Setting up firmware-linux-free (3.4) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ...
Setting up irqbalance (1.1.0-2.3) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.130) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-5-amd64
Processing triggers for systemd (232-25+deb9u1) ...
All upgrades installed
InstCount=0 DelCount=0 BrokenCount=0
Extracting content from '/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log' since '2018-01-05 13:24:35'
Sending mail to 'root'
mail returned: 0
Found /var/run/reboot-required, rebooting
问题
- 关于无法使用默认配置安装安全更新，我是否应该针对 Debian 的某些部分提交错误，或者这是预期的行为（如果是，为什么）？
- 我只想
unattended-upgrades执行安全更新。如果默认配置没有成功，我该如何实现这一点？
答案1
根据上面评论中的反馈，这似乎是一个错误。
相应的错误报告现已提交这里。
答案2
对于拉伸，无人值守升级仅在早上 6 点至 7 点之间开始。从 apt 包的 NEWS 文件中：
apt (1.4.2) 不稳定；紧急程度=中
如果启用了定期更新和无人值守升级，定期更新的开始时间现在分布在 24 小时间隔内（如 1.2 到 1.4 中），而开始无人值守升级的时间被限制在早上 6 点到 7 点之间。这仅影响使用 systemd 的系统，其他系统仍然使用经典的每小时 cron 作业。
——朱利安·安德烈斯·克洛德，星期四，2017 年 5 月 4 日 22:54:02 +0200