我一直在尝试建立与托管公司控制的远程服务器的连接。我向他们提供了我的 .pub 文件，他们说该文件已添加到服务器上的authorized_keys 文件中。我的连接似乎总是默认返回密码身份验证。我正在与托管公司联系，因为我相信这是他们的问题，但我想确保我已正确完成所有操作。
ssh -vvv 的输出如下：
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "aqua2.nmsrv.com" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to aqua2.nmsrv.com [208.70.245.240] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/karst/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/karst/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.7p1-hpn14v5
debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.7p1-hpn14v5 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to karstsrv.nmsrv.com:22 as 'karst'
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/karst/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/karst/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from karstsrv.nmsrv.com
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug3: send packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug3: receive packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],ssh-rsa-cert-v01
@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected]
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug3: send packet: type 30
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug3: receive packet: type 31
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:/3mOxCAhieumccJeTzF2bUHKWMVmcvOgZAd6Ut5gBXc
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/karst/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/karst/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from karstsrv.nmsrv.com
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/karst/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/karst/.ssh/known_hosts:5
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 208.70.245.240
debug1: Host 'karstsrv.nmsrv.com' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/karst/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug3: send packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug3: receive packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: key: /home/karst/.ssh/id_rsa (0x5583355be270)
debug3: send packet: type 5
debug3: receive packet: type 6
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/karst/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup keyboard-interactive
debug3: remaining preferred: password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled keyboard-interactive
debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive
debug2: userauth_kbdint
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 60
debug2: input_userauth_info_req
debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1
据我所知，OpenSSH 似乎无法找到位于 ~/.ssh/id_rsa 的 id_rsa 文件。该文件确实存在，并且似乎具有适当的权限，如 ls -al 的输出所示：
total 72
drwx------ 2 karst karst 4096 Jan 30 12:34 .
drwxr-xr-x 54 karst karst 4096 Jan 30 12:34 ..
-rw------- 1 karst karst 401 Dec 14 11:33 authorized_keys
-rw------- 1 karst karst 1679 Jan 16 14:32 google_compute_engine
-rw-r--r-- 1 karst karst 400 Jan 16 14:32 google_compute_engine.pub
-rw-r--r-- 1 karst karst 444 Jan 17 12:42 google_compute_known_hosts
-rw------- 1 karst karst 1675 Nov 15 13:51 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 karst karst 400 Nov 15 13:51 id_rsa.pub
-rw------- 1 karst karst 6212 Jan 25 13:26 known_hosts
这里发生了什么？ “key_load_public：没有这样的文件或目录”是什么意思？
答案1
您在调试日志中多次看到您的 ssh 客户端做过加载你的 id_rsa 密钥：
debug1: identity file /home/karst/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
...
debug2: key: /home/karst/.ssh/id_rsa (0x5583355be270)
并将其提供给服务器...
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/karst/.ssh/id_rsa
...还有希望...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive
... 直到：
debug3: remaining preferred: password
当 SSH 服务器决定不是接受您的密钥进行身份验证。也许目标权限不正确，或者密钥未加载到authorized_keys文件中，或者SSH守护程序未配置为接受密钥身份验证等。您可以使用调试日志追查托管公司，表明他们不接受密钥认证。
“key_load_public：没有这样的文件或目录”到底是什么意思？
从https://superuser.com/a/962895/513541:
它谈论的是下面提到的文件，而不是上面提到的文件。您只有常规公钥，但没有它们的 SSH 证书（大概是因为您不需要它们）。然而，OpenSSH 将始终尝试为每个身份密钥加载关联的 .pub-cert 文件。