SDHC - 分区时出现超级块问题

Question

我尝试过四种不同的SDHC两张卡。第一组为 8 GB，第二组为 32 GB。

使用分区，我尝试按以下方式进行分区：

我尝试创建一个 65 MiB 的启动分区FAT32，第二个填充剩余的空间ext4。

无论我是通过 GParted 还是通过BeagleBoardUbuntu脚本（sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle）我有同样的问题。

第一个启动分区没有问题，但其他分区则不然。它不会像第一个分区那样自动挂载，并会出现以下错误：

swamprat@swamprat-O-E-M:~/ubuntu-11.04-r1-minimal-armel$ sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdd --uboot beagle
[sudo] password for swamprat:

I see...
fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 33.6 GB, 33554432000 bytes

mount:
/dev/sda5 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)
/dev/sda6 on /home type ext4 (rw,commit=0)
/dev/sda7 on /virt type ext4 (rw,commit=0)

Are you 100% sure, on selecting [/dev/sdd] (y/n)? y


1 / 9: Downloading X-loader and Uboot
2011-06-21 16:30:48 URL:http://rcn-ee.net/deb/tools/latest/bootloader [1936/1936] -> "/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/dl/bootloader" [1]
2011-06-21 16:30:49 URL:http://rcn-ee.net/deb/tools/MLO/MLO-beagleboard-1.5.0+r22+gitrb6bbfe7848de547b64edf1c363c86cec4921b517-r22 [23716/23716] -> "/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/dl/MLO-beagleboard-1.5.0+r22+gitrb6bbfe7848de547b64edf1c363c86cec4921b517-r22" [1]
2011-06-21 16:30:52 URL:http://rcn-ee.net/deb/tools/UBOOT/u-boot-beagleboard-2011.02+r75+gitrc7977858dcf1f656cbe91ea0dc3cb9139c6a8cc8-r75.bin [284788/284788] -> "/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/dl/u-boot-beagleboard-2011.02+r75+gitrc7977858dcf1f656cbe91ea0dc3cb9139c6a8cc8-r75.bin" [1]

2 / 9: Unmountting Partitions

3 / 9: Creating Boot Partition

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
Partition number (1-4): First cylinder (1-32000, default 1): Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-32000, default 32000):
Command (m for help): Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): Changed system type of partition 1 to e (W95 FAT16 (LBA))

Command (m for help):
Disk /dev/sdd: 33.6 GB, 33554432000 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 32000 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00044167

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdd1               1          65       66544    e  W95 FAT16 (LBA)

Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
information.
Syncing disks.

4 / 9: Creating ext4 Partition

5 / 9: Formatting Boot Partition
mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010)

6 / 9: Formatting ext4 Partition
mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010)
Filesystem label=rootfs
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
2044000 inodes, 8175360 blocks
408768 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
250 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8176 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

7 / 9: Populating Boot Partition
`/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/dl/MLO-beagleboard-1.5.0+r22+gitrb6bbfe7848de547b64edf1c363c86cec4921b517-r22' -> `/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/disk/MLO'
`/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/dl/u-boot-beagleboard-2011.02+r75+gitrc7977858dcf1f656cbe91ea0dc3cb9139c6a8cc8-r75.bin' -> `/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/disk/u-boot.bin'
uImage
Image Name:   2.6.39-x1
Created:      Tue Jun 21 16:31:46 2011
Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:    3254748 Bytes = 3178.46 kB = 3.10 MB
Load Address: 80008000
Entry Point:  80008000
uInitrd
Image Name:   initramfs
Created:      Tue Jun 21 16:31:48 2011
Image Type:   ARM Linux RAMDisk Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:    3690105 Bytes = 3603.62 kB = 3.52 MB
Load Address: 00000000
Entry Point:  00000000
Image Name:   Boot Script
Created:      Tue Jun 21 16:31:49 2011
Image Type:   ARM Linux Script (uncompressed)
Data Size:    377 Bytes = 0.37 kB = 0.00 MB
Load Address: 00000000
Entry Point:  00000000
Contents:
   Image 0: 369 Bytes = 0.36 kB = 0.00 MB
Image Name:   Reset Nand
Created:      Tue Jun 21 16:31:50 2011
Image Type:   ARM Linux Script (uncompressed)
Data Size:    602 Bytes = 0.59 kB = 0.00 MB
Load Address: 00000000
Entry Point:  00000000
Contents:
   Image 0: 594 Bytes = 0.58 kB = 0.00 MB
`/tmp/readme.txt' -> `/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/disk/tools/readme.txt'
`/tmp/update_boot_files.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/disk/tools/update_boot_files.sh'
`/tmp/fix_zippy2.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/disk/tools/fix_zippy2.sh'
`/tmp/latest_kernel.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/disk/tools/latest_kernel.sh'
`/tmp/minimal_xfce.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/disk/tools/minimal_xfce.sh'
`/tmp/get_chrome.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/disk/tools/get_chrome.sh'

Finished populating Boot Partition

8 / 9: Populating rootfs Partition
Be patient, this may take a few minutes
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdd2,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail  or so


Unable to mount /dev/sdd2 at /tmp/tmp.ngjOoVvqe3/disk to complete populating rootfs Partition
Please retry running the script, sometimes rebooting your system helps.

Answer 1

我假设 /dev/sdd2 的分区已创建并且类型正确，因为您手动尝试了该步骤并且看起来没问题，但是您可能想尝试使用“--debug --fdisk-debug”运行 ./setup_sdcard.sh 脚本以获取有关分区的更多信息以确保万无一失。无论如何，由于我们已经有一个可能正确的分区，因此请以 root 或“sudo -i”身份执行以下操作：

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd2 -L rootfs
mkdir /tmp/temp_mount
mount -t ext4 /dev/sdd2 /tmp/temp_mount

这最后一步应该会失败，至少我们预计它会失败，因为脚本基本上就是这么做的。如果成功，则说明 ./setup_sdcard.sh 有问题，可能应该重新下载。这是一个检查 dmesg（在终端上输入“dmesg”）以查找与硬盘或分区相关的任何近期错误的好时机。如果您看到有关“日志”的任何错误，请尝试以下操作：

tune2fs -j /dev/sdd2
mount -t ext4 /dev/sdd2 /tmp/temp_mount

并尝试运行 fsck，如下所示：

fsck.ext4 /dev/sdd2
mount -t ext4 /dev/sdd2 /tmp/temp_mount

作为健全性检查，还可以尝试：

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd2
mount /dev/sdd2 /tmp/temp_mount

最后，另一个选择可能是用零填充（其中一张）卡（dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd），然后重试脚本。但请确保卡上没有有价值的数据，因为这会清除所有内容。然后重试该过程。

失败的原因可能不是卡硬件问题，因为您尝试了各种卡（尽管您可以尝试不同的读卡器）。我怀疑这要么是读卡器的硬件错误，要么是内核错误，要么是 e2fsprogs 的问题。e2fsprogs 是最新稳定版本，所以可能没问题。尝试在另一台机器上使用不同的读卡器进行格式化。

希望上述解决方案之一能够帮助您。