在 Home Assistant 中，可以通过执行命令来设置开关的状态。我正在迁移旧的家庭自动化，它提供了一种获取状态的方法，不幸的是不是针对一个开关而是针对所有开关。在 HA 论坛中，建议使用 sed 来解析 json 输出，但我还不够好，无法让它工作。
我得到以下输出：
{“状态”：“确定”，“版本”：“3.381”，“请求”：{“路线”：“/ get-status”}，“响应”：{“预设”：0，“时间”：“ 2018-03-08 09:45","开关":[{"id":0,"类型":"开关","状态":"离开"},{"id":1,"type":"switch","status":"off"},{"id":2,"type":"switch","status":"off"} ,{"id":3,"type":"调光器","status":"off","dimlevel":0},{"id":4,"type":"switch","status": "关"},{"id":5,"type":"调光器","status":"开","dimlevel":2},{"id":6,"type":"调光器", “状态”：“关闭”，“dimlevel”：0}，{“id”：7，“类型”：“开关”，“状态”：“关闭”}，{“id”：8，“类型”： "开关","状态":"关闭"},{"id":9,"类型":"开关","状态":"关闭"},{"id":10,"类型":"开关","status":"关"},{"id":11,"type":"开关","status":"开"},{"id":16,"type":"开关", "status":"关闭"},{"id":17,"type":"switch","status":"关闭"},{"id":18,"type":"虚拟"},{ "id":19,"type":"虚拟"},{"id":20,"type":"开关","status":"on"},{"id":21,"type": "开关","状态":"关闭"},{"id":22,"类型":"开关","状态":"关闭"},{"id":23,"类型":"开关","status":"开"},{"id":24,"type":"开关","status":"关"},{"id":25,"type":"虚拟"} ],"uvmeters":[],"windmeters":[],"rainmeters":[{"id":2,"mm":0.7,"3h":0.7,"favorite":"no"}], "温度计":[{"id":0,"te":19.1,"hu":49,"最喜欢的":"否"},{"id":1,"te":18.5,"hu": 48,"favorite":"no"}],"weatherdisplays":[],"energymeters": [],"energylinks": [{"id":0,"tariff":2,"s1":{" po":497,"dayTotal":1.53,"po+":1379,"po+t":"09:11","po-":0,"po-t":"00:01"}," s2":{"po":0,"dayTotal":50.00,"po+":9,"po+t":"07:13","po-":0,"po-t":"00: 01"},"聚合":{"po":-314,"日总计":1.03,"po+":1363,"po+t":"07:26","po-":-1105,"po -t":"08:39"},"已使用":{"po":183,"dayTotal":2.53,"po+":1463,"po+t":"07:26","po-":39,"po-t":"08:57"},"gas":{"lastHour":0.01,"dayTotal":1.50}, “kwhindex”：0.00}]，“heatlinks”：[]，“kakusensors”：[{“id”：0，“status”：null，“timestamp”：“00:00”}，{“id”：1 ,"状态":"否","时间戳":"09:21"},{"id":2,"状态":null,"时间戳":"00:00"},{"id":3 ,"状态":"否","时间戳":"09:20"},{"id":4,"状态":null,"时间戳":"19:31"},{"id":5 ,"状态":null,"时间戳":"00:00"},{"id":6,"状态":null,"时间戳":"00:00"},{"id":7,"状态":null,"时间戳":"00:00"},{"id":8,"状态":null,"时间戳":"00:00"},{"id":9,"状态" :null,"时间戳":"00:00"},{"id":10,"状态":null,"时间戳":"00:00"},{"id":11,"状态":null ,"timestamp":"00:00"},{"id":12,"status":null,"timestamp":"18:51"}]}}
我需要以粗体标记的那个。在 json 中，我会执行类似 result.switches.id[0].status 的操作，并且我希望能够使用 sed 执行相同的操作。我设法切断第一部分（直到开关），但每次我尝试得到类似的东西{"id":0.*"状态":(".*")}.*我得到了一切，因为它匹配最后一个 } 而不是它遇到的第一个。
有什么建议么？
答案1
建议：不要用sed.使用类似的东西jq来代替：
$ jq -r '.response.switches[] | select(.id == 0).status' file.json
off
或者，如果您想选择第一个数组元素switches并且不关心实际的id，
$ jq -r '.response.switches[0].status' file.json
off
sed适合解析面向行的文本。 JSON 不包含换行符分隔的记录，并且sed不知道引用规则和编码实体等。要正确解析这样的结构化数据集（或 XML、或 YAML，甚至在某些情况下为 CSV），您应该使用正确的解析器。
作为在本例中使用的一个额外好处jq，您会得到一些代码：容易地修改以满足您的需求，并且同样可以轻松修改以支持输入数据结构的更改。