因此，我一直在 CentOS 8 中尝试 nftables，一切进展顺利，但我在fail2ban 方面遇到了一个奇怪的问题。
Fail2ban 无法禁止具有 nftables-multiport 或 nftables-allports 的 IP。我在fail2ban.log 中看到以下错误：
2020-01-01 22:34:44,233 fail2ban.actions [4918]: NOTICE [nginx-http-auth] Ban 193.148.18.251
2020-01-01 22:34:44,246 fail2ban.utils [4918]: #39-Lev. 7fe1cc0af618 -- exec: nft add set ip fail2ban f2b-nginx-http-auth \{ type ipv4_addr\; \}
nft insert rule ip fail2ban input tcp dport \{ http,https \} ip saddr @f2b-nginx-http-auth drop
2020-01-01 22:34:44,246 fail2ban.utils [4918]: ERROR 7fe1cc0af618 -- stderr: 'Error: Could not process rule: No such file or directory'
2020-01-01 22:34:44,246 fail2ban.utils [4918]: ERROR 7fe1cc0af618 -- stderr: 'add set ip fail2ban f2b-nginx-http-auth { type ipv4_addr; }'
2020-01-01 22:34:44,246 fail2ban.utils [4918]: ERROR 7fe1cc0af618 -- stderr: ' ^^^^^^^^'
2020-01-01 22:34:44,246 fail2ban.utils [4918]: ERROR 7fe1cc0af618 -- stderr: 'Error: Could not process rule: No such file or directory'
2020-01-01 22:34:44,246 fail2ban.utils [4918]: ERROR 7fe1cc0af618 -- stderr: 'insert rule ip fail2ban input tcp dport { http,https } ip saddr @f2b-nginx-http-auth drop'
2020-01-01 22:34:44,246 fail2ban.utils [4918]: ERROR 7fe1cc0af618 -- stderr: ' ^^^^^^^^'
2020-01-01 22:34:44,246 fail2ban.utils [4918]: ERROR 7fe1cc0af618 -- returned 1
2020-01-01 22:34:44,246 fail2ban.actions [4918]: ERROR Failed to execute ban jail 'nginx-http-auth' action 'nftables-multiport' info 'ActionInfo({'ip': '193.148.18.251', 'family': 'inet4', 'fid': <function Actions.ActionInfo.<lambda> at 0x7fe1cd131158>, 'raw-ticket': <function Actions.ActionInfo.<lambda> at 0x7fe1cd1316a8>})': Error starting action Jail('nginx-http-auth')/nftables-multiport
它的行为就好像表fail2ban 和相应的链输入不存在一样，但它们确实存在。
$ sudo nft list tables
table ip fail2ban
table inet filter
table ip nat
$ sudo nft list table ip fail2ban
table ip fail2ban {
chain input {
type filter hook input priority 100; policy accept;
}
}
当我手动将集合和规则添加到链中时，它可以工作，但由fail2ban 完成时则不行。我还暂时将 SELinux 设置为宽容，所以我知道这不是问题。如果有人有任何建议，我将不胜感激！
编辑：根据要求添加了jail.local，还添加了action.d/nftables-common.local，因为那里也进行了修改
监狱本地：
#
# WARNING: heavily refactored in 0.9.0 release. Please review and
# customize settings for your setup.
#
# Changes: in most of the cases you should not modify this
# file, but provide customizations in jail.local file,
# or separate .conf files under jail.d/ directory, e.g.:
#
# HOW TO ACTIVATE JAILS:
#
# YOU SHOULD NOT MODIFY THIS FILE.
#
# It will probably be overwritten or improved in a distribution update.
#
# Provide customizations in a jail.local file or a jail.d/customisation.local.
# For example to change the default bantime for all jails and to enable the
# ssh-iptables jail the following (uncommented) would appear in the .local file.
# See man 5 jail.conf for details.
#
# [DEFAULT]
# bantime = 1h
#
# [sshd]
# enabled = true
#
# See jail.conf(5) man page for more information
# Comments: use '#' for comment lines and ';' (following a space) for inline comments
[INCLUDES]
#before = paths-distro.conf
before = paths-fedora.conf
# The DEFAULT allows a global definition of the options. They can be overridden
# in each jail afterwards.
[DEFAULT]
#
# MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS
#
# "ignoreself" specifies whether the local resp. own IP addresses should be ignored
# (default is true). Fail2ban will not ban a host which matches such addresses.
#ignoreself = true
# "ignoreip" can be a list of IP addresses, CIDR masks or DNS hosts. Fail2ban
# will not ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses
# can be defined using space (and/or comma) separator.
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 ::1 192.168.1.0/24
# External command that will take an tagged arguments to ignore, e.g. <ip>,
# and return true if the IP is to be ignored. False otherwise.
#
# ignorecommand = /path/to/command <ip>
ignorecommand =
# "bantime" is the number of seconds that a host is banned.
bantime = 10m
# A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime"
# seconds.
findtime = 30m
# "maxretry" is the number of failures before a host get banned.
maxretry = 3
# "backend" specifies the backend used to get files modification.
# Available options are "pyinotify", "gamin", "polling", "systemd" and "auto".
# This option can be overridden in each jail as well.
#
# pyinotify: requires pyinotify (a file alteration monitor) to be installed.
# If pyinotify is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto.
# gamin: requires Gamin (a file alteration monitor) to be installed.
# If Gamin is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto.
# polling: uses a polling algorithm which does not require external libraries.
# systemd: uses systemd python library to access the systemd journal.
# Specifying "logpath" is not valid for this backend.
# See "journalmatch" in the jails associated filter config
# auto: will try to use the following backends, in order:
# pyinotify, gamin, polling.
#
# Note: if systemd backend is chosen as the default but you enable a jail
# for which logs are present only in its own log files, specify some other
# backend for that jail (e.g. polling) and provide empty value for
# journalmatch. See https://github.com/fail2ban/fail2ban/issues/959#issuecomment-74901200
backend = auto
# "usedns" specifies if jails should trust hostnames in logs,
# warn when DNS lookups are performed, or ignore all hostnames in logs
#
# yes: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed.
# warn: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed,
# but it will be logged as a warning.
# no: if a hostname is encountered, will not be used for banning,
# but it will be logged as info.
# raw: use raw value (no hostname), allow use it for no-host filters/actions (example user)
usedns = warn
# "logencoding" specifies the encoding of the log files handled by the jail
# This is used to decode the lines from the log file.
# Typical examples: "ascii", "utf-8"
#
# auto: will use the system locale setting
logencoding = auto
# "enabled" enables the jails.
# By default all jails are disabled, and it should stay this way.
# Enable only relevant to your setup jails in your .local or jail.d/*.conf
#
# true: jail will be enabled and log files will get monitored for changes
# false: jail is not enabled
enabled = false
# "mode" defines the mode of the filter (see corresponding filter implementation for more info).
mode = normal
# "filter" defines the filter to use by the jail.
# By default jails have names matching their filter name
#
filter = %(__name__)s[mode=%(mode)s]
#
# ACTIONS
#
# Some options used for actions
# Destination email address used solely for the interpolations in
# jail.{conf,local,d/*} configuration files.
destemail = user
# Sender email address used solely for some actions
sender = root
# E-mail action. Since 0.8.1 Fail2Ban uses sendmail MTA for the
# mailing. Change mta configuration parameter to mail if you want to
# revert to conventional 'mail'.
mta = mail
# Default protocol
protocol = tcp
# Specify chain where jumps would need to be added in ban-actions expecting parameter chain
chain = input
# Ports to be banned
# Usually should be overridden in a particular jail
port = 0:65535
# Format of user-agent https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.5.3
fail2ban_agent = Fail2Ban/%(fail2ban_version)s
#
# Action shortcuts. To be used to define action parameter
# Default banning action (e.g. iptables, iptables-new,
# iptables-multiport, shorewall, etc) It is used to define
# action_* variables. Can be overridden globally or per
# section within jail.local file
banaction = nftables-multiport
banaction_allports = nftables-allports
# The simplest action to take: ban only
action_ = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
# ban & send an e-mail with whois report to the destemail.
action_mw = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
%(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, sender="%(sender)s", dest="%(destemail)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
# ban & send an e-mail with whois report and relevant log lines
# to the destemail.
action_mwl = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
%(mta)s-whois-lines[name=%(__name__)s, sender="%(sender)s", dest="%(destemail)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, chain="%(chain)s"]
# See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/xarf-login-attack for when to use this action
#
# ban & send a xarf e-mail to abuse contact of IP address and include relevant log lines
# to the destemail.
#action_xarf = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"]
# xarf-login-attack[service=%(__name__)s, sender="%(sender)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, port="%(port)s"]
# ban IP on CloudFlare & send an e-mail with whois report and relevant log lines
# to the destemail.
#action_cf_mwl = cloudflare[cfuser="%(cfemail)s", cftoken="%(cfapikey)s"]
# %(mta)s-whois-lines[name=%(__name__)s, sender="%(sender)s", dest="%(destemail)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, chain="%(chain)s"]
# Report block via blocklist.de fail2ban reporting service API
#
# See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/blocklist_de.conf for when to use this action.
# Specify expected parameters in file action.d/blocklist_de.local or if the interpolation
# `action_blocklist_de` used for the action, set value of `blocklist_de_apikey`
# in your `jail.local` globally (section [DEFAULT]) or per specific jail section (resp. in
# corresponding jail.d/my-jail.local file).
#
action_blocklist_de = blocklist_de[email="%(sender)s", service=%(filter)s, apikey="%(blocklist_de_apikey)s", agent="%(fail2ban_agent)s"]
# Report ban via badips.com, and use as blacklist
#
# See BadIPsAction docstring in config/action.d/badips.py for
# documentation for this action.
#
# NOTE: This action relies on banaction being present on start and therefore
# should be last action defined for a jail.
#
action_badips = badips.py[category="%(__name__)s", banaction="%(banaction)s", agent="%(fail2ban_agent)s"]
#
# Report ban via badips.com (uses action.d/badips.conf for reporting only)
#
action_badips_report = badips[category="%(__name__)s", agent="%(fail2ban_agent)s"]
# Report ban via abuseipdb.com.
#
# See action.d/abuseipdb.conf for usage example and details.
#
action_abuseipdb = abuseipdb
# Choose default action. To change, just override value of 'action' with the
# interpolation to the chosen action shortcut (e.g. action_mw, action_mwl, etc) in jail.local
# globally (section [DEFAULT]) or per specific section
action = %(action_)s
#
# JAILS
#
# SSH
[sshd]
enabled = true
filter = sshd
port = ssh
# VSFTPD
[vsftpd]
enabled = true
filter = vsftpd
port = ftp
logpath = /var/log/vsftpd.log
# Nginx
[nginx-http-auth]
enabled = true
filter = nginx-http-auth
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/nginx/*error*.log
[nginx-noscript]
enabled = false
port = http,https
filter = nginx-noscript
logpath = /var/log/nginx/*access*.log
maxretry = 6
[nginx-badbots]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = nginx-badbots
logpath = /var/log/nginx/*access*.log
maxretry = 2
[nginx-nohome]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = nginx-nohome
logpath = /var/log/nginx/*access*.log
maxretry = 2
[nginx-noproxy]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = nginx-noproxy
logpath = /var/log/nginx/*access*.log
maxretry = 2
nftables-common.local
[Init]
# Definition of the table used
nftables_family = ip
nftables_table = fail2ban
# Drop packets
blocktype = drop
# Remove nftables prefix. Set names are limited to 15 char so we want them all
nftables_set_prefix =
Edit2：fail2ban.log 与 --debug=all 添加到 nftables-common.conf 中的 nft 命令中。直接粘贴在这里太长了，所以我把它放在pastebin上。
编辑3：nginx-http-auth.conf
$ cat /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-http-auth.conf
# fail2ban filter configuration for nginx
[Definition]
failregex = ^ \[error\] \d+#\d+: \*\d+ user "(?:[^"]+|.*?)":? (?:password mismatch|was not found in "[^\"]*"), client: <HOST>, server: \S*, request: "\S+ \S+ HTTP/\d+\.\d+", host: "\S+"(?:, referrer: "\S+")?\s*$
^ \[error\] \d+#\d+: \*\d+ no user/password was provided for basic authentication, client: <HOST>, server: \S+, request: "\S+ \S+ HTTP/\d+\.\d+", host: "\S+"\s*$
ignoreregex =
datepattern = {^LN-BEG}