问题
我添加了一个新用户 ( adolfo) 通过 SSH 登录，因此我可以禁用 root 登录。创建用户后，我将公钥从 复制/root/.ssh/authorized_keys到 ，/home/adolfo/.ssh/authorized_keys因为我想继续使用相同的密钥。我想这样就可以了。但是，如果我尝试使用 登录ssh adolfo@<ip-address>，则会收到错误Permission denied (publickey)。
尝试解决
我尝试过以下这个答案但没有成功。虽然答案建议在文件chmod 644上运行authorized_keys，但我也尝试过chmod 600（其他地方建议这样做）。不幸的是，这没有任何区别。
语境
目前，相关文件权限为：
$ ls -ld / /home /home/adolfo /home/adolfo/.ssh /home/adolfo/.ssh/authorized_keys
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Mar 8 16:45 /
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 7 17:05 /home
drwxr-xr-x 6 adolfo adolfo 4096 Mar 7 17:49 /home/adolfo
drwx------ 2 adolfo adolfo 4096 Mar 7 17:09 /home/adolfo/.ssh
-rw------- 1 adolfo adolfo 408 Mar 7 17:09 /home/adolfo/.ssh/authorized_keys
和我的/etc/ssh/sshd_config：
Port 22
Protocol 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 1024
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin yes
StrictModes yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
IgnoreRhosts yes
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
HostbasedAuthentication no
PermitEmptyPasswords no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
PasswordAuthentication no
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
UsePAM no
输出ssh -vvv adolfo@<ip-address>：
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "thread-safe.nl" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to thread-safe.nl [94.130.181.37] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to thread-safe.nl:22 as 'adolfo'
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts:5
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from thread-safe.nl
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug3: send packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug3: receive packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected]
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug3: send packet: type 30
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug3: receive packet: type 31
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:yghdaf4BIopOULvK2IipaFE6y5wVORoAXV3I6aEB55I
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts:5
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from thread-safe.nl
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type RSA in file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts:2
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts:3
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ED25519 in file /home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 4 keys from 94.130.181.37
debug1: Host 'thread-safe.nl' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/aochagavia/.ssh/known_hosts:5
debug3: send packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug3: receive packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: key: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7fffd694eb40)
debug2: key: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))
debug2: key: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil))
debug2: key: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ed25519 ((nil))
debug3: send packet: type 5
debug3: receive packet: type 7
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug3: receive packet: type 6
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey
debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_dsa
debug3: no such identity: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_dsa: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug3: no such identity: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug3: no such identity: /home/aochagavia/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
答案1
事实证明，该adolfo用户由于某种神秘原因被锁定。我在 Kusalananda 要求查看sshd日志后发现了这一点，我在日志中发现了一行表明该帐户已被锁定。解锁它解决了这个问题。