我最近安装了一个新的 SATA 1TB Seagate Barracuda 硬盘用于存储。最近，我遇到了从驱动器“读取”滞后一两分钟的问题，如果幸运的话，可能会滞后几十秒。观看媒体会挂起程序，ls在其目录中运行会出现滞后，玩游戏也会挂起。
我该如何诊断问题（SATA 连接故障/内核问题）？最近，在一次脏关机损坏了一些目录后，我在驱动器上运行了 e2fsck。我看到一些用户建议从 SMART 开始检查驱动器运行状况。我使用 Debian Stretch。
uname -a
Linux vera 4.9.0-6-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.82-1+deb9u3 (2018-03-02) x86_64 GNU/Linux
所以我查看了 /var/log/messages 并发现了这个。 SATA 连接似乎有故障，内核正在尝试启动连接。我对么？
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961486] ata4: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961524] ata4: hard resetting link
Apr 3 22:55:20 vera kernel: [40048.841537] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
Apr 3 22:55:20 vera kernel: [40048.870611] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/33
Apr 3 22:55:20 vera kernel: [40048.870632] ata4: EH complete
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779512] ata4: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779551] ata4: hard resetting link
Apr 3 22:55:55 vera kernel: [40083.655597] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
Apr 3 22:55:55 vera kernel: [40083.679941] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/33
Apr 3 22:55:55 vera kernel: [40083.679954] ata4: EH complete
Apr 3 22:56:27 vera kernel: [40115.557306] ata4: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
Apr 3 22:56:27 vera kernel: [40115.557343] ata4: hard resetting link
Apr 3 22:56:28 vera kernel: [40116.433391] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
Apr 3 22:56:28 vera kernel: [40116.461843] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/33
Apr 3 22:56:28 vera kernel: [40116.461861] ata4: EH complete
类似地在 /var/log/syslog 中，
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961486] ata4: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961502] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x40d0002 action 0xe frozen
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961507] ata4: SError: { RecovComm PHYRdyChg CommWake 10B8B DevExch }
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961510] ata4.00: failed command: READ DMA EXT
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961515] ata4.00: cmd 25/00:18:70:05:16/00:00:2b:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 12288 in
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961515] res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x14 (ATA bus error)
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961518] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
Apr 3 22:55:19 vera kernel: [40047.961524] ata4: hard resetting link
Apr 3 22:55:20 vera kernel: [40048.841537] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
Apr 3 22:55:20 vera kernel: [40048.870611] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/33
Apr 3 22:55:20 vera kernel: [40048.870632] ata4: EH complete
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779512] ata4: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779529] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x40d0002 action 0xe frozen
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779534] ata4: SError: { RecovComm PHYRdyChg CommWake 10B8B DevExch }
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779537] ata4.00: failed command: READ DMA EXT
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779542] ata4.00: cmd 25/00:10:e0:cf:16/00:00:2b:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 8192 in
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779542] res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x14 (ATA bus error)
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779545] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
Apr 3 22:55:54 vera kernel: [40082.779551] ata4: hard resetting link
Apr 3 22:55:55 vera kernel: [40083.655597] ata4: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
Apr 3 22:55:55 vera kernel: [40083.679941] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/33
猫/过程/中断
CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4 CPU5 CPU6 CPU7
0: 48 0 0 1166123 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC 2-edge timer
1: 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC 1-edge i8042
8: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC 8-edge rtc0
9: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC 9-fasteoi acpi
12: 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC 12-edge i8042
14: 0 0 0 19994 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC 14-edge ata_piix
15: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC 15-edge ata_piix
16: 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 IO-APIC 16-fasteoi ehci_hcd:usb1, uhci_hcd:usb7
18: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC 18-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb4, uhci_hcd:usb8, i801_smbus
19: 0 0 160 0 0 24990 0 0 IO-APIC 19-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb5, uhci_hcd:usb6, ata_piix
21: 94 81 3922 25446 66573 0 0 0 IO-APIC 21-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb3
23: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC 23-fasteoi ehci_hcd:usb2, uhci_hcd:usb9
24: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PCI-MSI 49152-edge aerdrv, PCIe PME
25: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PCI-MSI 458752-edge PCIe PME, pciehp
26: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PCI-MSI 468992-edge PCIe PME, pciehp
27: 0 0 0 0 70083 0 18 0 PCI-MSI 1572864-edge ens133
28: 0 0 0 0 544 0 0 0 PCI-MSI 442368-edge snd_hda_intel:card0
29: 0 0 0 0 0 185 0 0 PCI-MSI 526336-edge snd_hda_intel:card1
30: 0 0 0 0 0 0 531 129765 PCI-MSI 524288-edge radeon
NMI: 742 758 770 770 762 722 761 616 Non-maskable interrupts
LOC: 478730 477562 476552 397908 493850 486872 491882 734216 Local timer interrupts
SPU: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spurious interrupts
PMI: 742 758 770 770 762 722 761 616 Performance monitoring interrupts
IWI: 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 IRQ work interrupts
RTR: 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 APIC ICR read retries
RES: 240104 166326 137077 158336 121230 117014 116487 241295 Rescheduling interrupts
CAL: 39159 40225 43556 34693 52710 37347 44372 37116 Function call interrupts
TLB: 28743 29063 31826 25607 41560 26281 32662 25775 TLB shootdowns
TRM: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thermal event interrupts
THR: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Threshold APIC interrupts
DFR: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deferred Error APIC interrupts
MCE: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Machine check exceptions
MCP: 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Machine check polls
ERR: 0
MIS: 0
PIN: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Posted-interrupt notification event
PIW: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Posted-interrupt wakeup event