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OpenSSL CA 和非 CA 证书

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OpenSSL CA 和非 CA 证书

我能够生成自签名 CA 证书并生成中级 CA 证书。

现在我尝试生成一个不应能够签署其他证书的最终用户证书。因此我打开openssl.cnf并将行更改为v3_req，然后使用中间 CAbasicConstraints=CA:FALSE生成证书并使用中间 CA 对其进行签名。.csr-extensions v3_req

接下来我尝试用.csr它签署另一个文件，奇怪的是它确实签署了。当我尝试时，验证成功。

我完全糊涂了，不知道该怎么办。所以，你知道哪里出了问题吗？这些是我使用的命令。

$ openssl req -x509 -extensions v3_ca -newkey rsa:2048 \
   -keyout root_ca.key -out root_ca.crt -days 365 \
   -subj /C=US/ST=abc/L=abc/O=test/OU=mine/CN=CA/[email protected] \
   -passout pass:123456

$ openssl req -new -extensions v3_ca -newkey rsa:2048 \
   -keyout s1.key -out s1.csr -days 365 \
   -subj /C=US/ST=abc/L=abc/O=test/OU=mine/CN=s1/[email protected] \
   -passout pass:123456

$ openssl ca -policy policy_anything -outdir ./ -out s1.crt \
   -cert root_ca.crt -infiles s1.csr -CAkey root_ca.key

$ openssl req -new -extensions v3_req -newkey rsa:2048 \
   -keyout client.key -out client.csr -days 365 \
   -subj /C=US/ST=abc/L=abc/O=test/OU=mine/CN=s1/[email protected] \
   -passout pass:123456

$ openssl ca -policy policy_match -outdir ./ -out client.crt -cert s1.crt \
   -infiles client.csr -CAkey s1.key

 $ openssl req -new -extensions v3_req -newkey rsa:2048 \
   -keyout client2.key -out client2.csr -days 365 \
   -subj /C=US/ST=abc/L=abc/O=test/OU=mine/CN=s1/[email protected] \
   -passout pass:123456

 $ openssl ca -policy policy_match -outdir ./ -out client2.crt \
   -cert client.crt -infiles client2.csr -CAkey client.key

 $ cat root_ca.crt s1.crt client.crt > ca.pem

 $ openssl verify -CAfile ca.pem client2.crt

这是配置文件：

HOME = .
RANDFILE = $ENV::HOME/.rnd
oid_section = new_oids
[ new_oids ]
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default
[ CA_default ]
dir = /root/new
certs = $dir/certs
crl_dir = $dir/crl
database = $dir/index.txt
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts
certificate = $dir/root_ca.crt 
serial = $dir/serial 
crlnumber = /root/index.txt
crl = $dir/crl.pem 
private_key = $dir/root_ca.key 
RANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand
x509_extensions = usr_cert
name_opt = ca_default
cert_opt = ca_default
default_days = 365
default_crl_days = 30
default_md = sha1
preserve = no
policy = policy_match
[ policy_match ]
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
[ policy_anything ]
countryName = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
[ req ]
default_bits = 1024
default_keyfile = privkey.pem
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
attributes = req_attributes
x509_extensions = v3_ca
string_mask = nombstr
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default = AU
countryName_min = 2
countryName_max = 2
stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = Some-State
localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
commonName = Common Name (eg, YOUR name)
commonName_max = 64
emailAddress = Email Address
emailAddress_max = 64
[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword = A challenge password
challengePassword_min = 4
challengePassword_max = 20
unstructuredName = An optional company name
[ usr_cert ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation,keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment, keyAgreement
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
[ v3_req ]
basicConstraints = critical,CA:false
keyUsage = nonRepudiation
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer:always
[ v3_ca ]
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
extendedKeyUsage = critical,serverAuth, clientAuth
basicConstraints = CA:true
keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign, digitalSignature, nonRepudiation,keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment, keyAgreement, keyCertSign, cRLSign
[ crl_ext ]
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer:always
[ proxy_cert_ext ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always
proxyCertInfo = critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo

答案1

您尝试过吗basicConstraints=critical,CA:false？

PS：“ca”实用程序目前不检查其所签名的 CA 证书的有效性。因此，它会很乐意使用无效的 CA 进行签名，但验证例程会拒绝它。

下面的虽然有点冗长，但应该可以工作；您可以在您的设置上尝试它并报告任何问题吗？

#!/bin/sh
#SSLEAY_CONFIG="-config yourfile.cnf"
ROOTCA_SUBJ="-subj /C=US/ST=abc/L=abc/O=test/OU=mine/CN=RootCA/[email protected]"
CA_SUBJ="-subj /C=US/ST=abc/L=abc/O=test/OU=mine/CN=CA/[email protected]"
CERT_SUBJ="-subj /C=US/ST=abc/L=abc/O=test/OU=mine/CN=cert/[email protected]"
ROOTCA_PASS="pass:test"
CA_PASS="pass:test"
CERT_PASS="pass:test"
DIR="demoCA"
mkdir "$DIR" "$DIR"/certs "$DIR"/crl "$DIR"/newcerts "$DIR"/private
touch "$DIR"/index.txt
echo 01 > "$DIR"/crlnumber

# create Root CA
mkdir rootCA rootCA/certs rootCA/crl rootCA/newcerts rootCA/private
openssl req $SSLEAY_CONFIG -new -keyout rootCA/private/rootCAkey.pem -out rootCA/rootCAreq.pem $ROOTCA_SUBJ -passout "$ROOTCA_PASS"
openssl ca $SSLEAY_CONFIG -create_serial -out rootCA/rootCAcert.pem -days 1095 -batch -keyfile rootCA/private/rootCAkey.pem -passin "$ROOTCA_PASS" -selfsign -extensions v3_ca -infiles rootCA/rootCAreq.pem

# create Intermediate CA
mkdir CA CA/certs CA/crl CA/newcerts CA/private
openssl req $SSLEAY_CONFIG -new -keyout CA/private/CAkey.pem -out CA/CAreq.pem -days 365 $CA_SUBJ -passout "$CA_PASS"
openssl ca $SSLEAY_CONFIG -cert rootCA/rootCAcert.pem -keyfile rootCA/private/rootCAkey.pem -passin "$ROOTCA_PASS" -policy policy_anything -out CA/CAcert.pem -extensions v3_ca -infiles CA/CAreq.pem

# create Final Cert
mkdir cert cert/private
openssl req $SSLEAY_CONFIG -new -keyout cert/private/certkey.pem -out cert/certreq.pem -days 365 $CERT_SUBJ -passout "$CERT_PASS"
openssl ca $SSLEAY_CONFIG -cert CA/CAcert.pem -keyfile CA/private/CAkey.pem -passin "$CA_PASS" -policy policy_anything -out cert/cert.pem -infiles cert/certreq.pem
cat rootCA/rootCAcert.pem CA/CAcert.pem > myCA.pem
openssl verify -CAfile myCA.pem cert/cert.pem

当你跑步时openssl verify，-CAfile意味着你信任这证书。因此-CAfile应仅包含根 CA，以及可选的中间 CA；否则它将始终返回OK。应通过选项添加其他证书-untrusted。

因此，如果你给它一个cert2.pem由最终的 cert.pem证书，您将获得：

$ cat CA/CAcert.pem cert/cert.pem > notrust.pem
$ openssl verify -CAfile myCA.pem -untrusted notrust.pem cert2/cert2.pem
    cert2/cert2.pem: C = US, ST = abc, L = abc, O = test, OU = mine, CN = cert, emailAddress = [email protected]
    error 24 at 1 depth lookup:invalid CA certificate

答案2

如前所述，CA 实用程序很乐意使用任何证书签署请求，即使它不是 CA 证书。显然，一些较旧的浏览器（至少是 33 之前的 Firefox 版本）甚至会接受此类链。

要查明您的证书是否已isCA设置位，请运行：

openssl x509 -text -noout -in your_cert_file.crt

在输出中查找以下内容：

X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
    CA:TRUE

这是 CA 证书。非 CA 证书会有CA:FALSE（或根本没有）扩展名。

警告：您需要在您的请求中包含这些扩展，并确保 CA 在签署请求时不会覆盖它们。

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