☰

使用多行模式在 bash 中替换字符串

tag-icon • tag-icon bash shell-script awk sed perl
使用多行模式在 bash 中替换字符串

如何使用多行模式在 bash 中进行字符串替换？

为了说明这一点，我提供了一个伪代码：

TARGET_STR='    $N = "magic_quotes_gpc = <b>"._("On")."</b>";
    $D = _("Increase your server security by setting magic_quotes_gpc to 'on'. PHP will escape all quotes in strings in this case."); 
    $S = _("Search for 'magic_quotes_gpc' in your php.ini and set it to 'On'."); 
    $R = ini_get('magic_quotes_gpc'); 
    $M = TRUE;
    $this->config_checks[] = array("NAME" => $N , "DESC" => $D , "RESULT" => $R , "SOLUTION" => $S , "MUST" => $M );'
REPLACE_STR='    /* NOTE: "Magic_quotes_gpc" is no longer required. We taught GOsa2 to deal with it (see /usr/share/gosa/html/main.php). By Questor */
    /* Automatic quoting must be turned on */
    /* $D = _("Increase your server security by setting magic_quotes_gpc to 'on'. PHP will escape all quotes in strings in this case."); 
    $S = _("Search for 'magic_quotes_gpc' in your php.ini and set it to 'On'."); 
    $R = ini_get('magic_quotes_gpc'); 
    $M = TRUE;
    $this->config_checks[] = array("NAME" => $N , "DESC" => $D , "RESULT" => $R , "SOLUTION" => $S , "MUST" => $M ); */'
PATH_TO_FILE='/usr/share/gosa/setup/class_setupStep_Checks.inc'
some_command '$TARGET_STR/$REPLACE_STR' $PATH_TO_FILE

注一：我想使用 bash 变量。
注二：我想使用没有转义的字符串（TARGET_STR 和 REPLACE_STR 中的字符串）。

谢谢！

答案1

您可以将所有相关文本字符串转换为十六进制字符串，以十六进制执行替换，然后将结果转换回文本。看起来可能是这样的：

#!/bin/bash
# replace.sh

# Set the target string, i.e. the string to replace
read -r -d '' TARGET_STR <<'HEREDOC' 
    $N = "magic_quotes_gpc = <b>"._("On")."</b>";
    $D = _("Increase your server security by setting magic_quotes_gpc to 'on'. PHP will escape all quotes in strings in this case."); 
    $S = _("Search for 'magic_quotes_gpc' in your php.ini and set it to 'On'."); 
    $R = ini_get('magic_quotes_gpc'); 
    $M = TRUE;
    $this->config_checks[] = array("NAME" => $N , "DESC" => $D , "RESULT" => $R , "SOLUTION" => $S , "MUST" => $M );
HEREDOC

# Set the replacement string, i.e. the string to replace the target string with
read -r -d '' REPLACE_STR <<'HEREDOC'
    /* NOTE: "Magic_quotes_gpc" is no longer required. We taught GOsa2 to deal with it (see /usr/share/gosa/html/main.php). By Questor */
    /* Automatic quoting must be turned on */
    /* $D = _("Increase your server security by setting magic_quotes_gpc to 'on'. PHP will escape all quotes in strings in this case."); 
    $S = _("Search for 'magic_quotes_gpc' in your php.ini and set it to 'On'."); 
    $R = ini_get('magic_quotes_gpc'); 
    $M = TRUE;
    $this->config_checks[] = array("NAME" => $N , "DESC" => $D , "RESULT" => $R , "SOLUTION" => $S , "MUST" => $M ); */'
HEREDOC

# Set the path to the input file
PATH_TO_FILE="target-string.txt"

# Set file paths
PATH_TO_HEX_FILE="${PATH_TO_FILE}.hex"
PATH_TO_REPLACED_FILE="replaced-${PATH_TO_FILE}"

# Convert the two strings to hexadecimal
TARGET_STR_HEX="$(echo "${TARGET_STR}" | xxd -p | tr -d '\n')"
REPLACE_STR_HEX="$(echo "${REPLACE_STR}" | xxd -p | tr -d '\n')"

# Conver the input file to hexadecimal
xxd -p "${PATH_TO_FILE}" | tr -d '\n' > "${PATH_TO_HEX_FILE}"

# Perform the replacement using hexadecimal strings
sed -i'' "s/${TARGET_STR_HEX}/${REPLACE_STR_HEX}/g" "${PATH_TO_HEX_FILE}"

# Convert the result back to text
xxd -r -p "${PATH_TO_HEX_FILE}" "${PATH_TO_REPLACED_FILE}"

# Remove intermediate file
rm "${PATH_TO_HEX_FILE}"

这将为您提供的测试数据产生所需的结果。

相关内容