我正在尝试格式化此外部硬盘，但失败了。我尝试使用 gparted 但出现错误：“在 /dev/sdb 上写入期间发生 E/S 错误”
还尝试在终端上使用 dd 命令，但效果相同：
root:# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1024
dd: error al escribir en '/dev/sdb': Error de entrada/salida
65+0 registros leídos
64+0 registros escritos
65536 bytes (66 kB, 64 KiB) copied, 3.44742 s, 19.0 kB/s
该驱动器列在下面fdisk -l，但/etc/fstab/无法识别。
这个问题是几周前我在 Windows 10 上格式化它时开始的，这样做之后，它的性能开始下降，并且在上面写入文件需要比平时更长的时间，现在我发现有些文件已损坏并且无法修复被检索。
我想要的只是格式化它并将其保留为新的。无需恢复文件，只需使其再次工作即可。
编辑：
dmesg 输出：
[ 5070.478844] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Spinning up disk...
[ 5074.591076] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
[ 5074.591512] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[ 5074.591517] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 5074.591684] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 5075.027725] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk
[ 5077.983527] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 5077.983545] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current]
[ 5077.983553] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure
[ 5077.983559] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
[ 5077.983565] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 2048
[ 5080.503688] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 5080.503706] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
[ 5080.503712] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[ 5080.503719] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
[ 5080.503725] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2048
[ 5080.503735] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 256, async page read
[ 5193.596565] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 5193.596583] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current]
[ 5193.596590] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure
[ 5193.596597] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 80 00 00 08 00
[ 5193.596602] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 128
[ 5197.144414] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 5197.144431] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current]
[ 5197.144438] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure
[ 5197.144445] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
[ 5197.144451] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 2048
[ 5199.664609] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 5199.664629] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
[ 5199.664637] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[ 5199.664644] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
[ 5199.664651] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2048
[ 5199.664662] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 256, async page read
[ 5554.703903] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronizing SCSI cache
[ 5554.950855] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 5559.423288] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Spinning up disk...
[ 5563.519760] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
[ 5563.520280] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[ 5563.520286] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 5563.520466] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 5563.953895] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk
[ 5566.909766] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 5566.909784] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current]
[ 5566.909792] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure
[ 5566.909799] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
[ 5566.909805] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 2048
[ 5569.429940] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 5569.429958] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
[ 5569.429965] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[ 5569.429973] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
[ 5569.429983] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2048
[ 5569.429994] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 256, async page read
[ 5589.767745] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronizing SCSI cache
[ 5590.014674] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 5593.835410] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Spinning up disk...
[ 5597.951543] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
[ 5597.952051] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[ 5597.952058] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 5597.952225] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 5598.384619] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk
[ 5601.340395] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 5601.340413] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current]
[ 5601.340420] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure
[ 5601.340427] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
[ 5601.340433] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 2048
[ 5603.860687] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 5603.860706] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
[ 5603.860712] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[ 5603.860719] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00
[ 5603.860725] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2048
[ 5603.860735] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 256, async page read
编辑2： smartctl -a /dev/sdc 输出：
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
Device Model: ST9320325AS
Serial Number: 5VEJEL2E
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0394053d7
Firmware Version: 0002CE02
User Capacity: 320 072 933 376 bytes [320 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
Local Time is: Thu May 31 15:12:17 2018 CDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 99) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 089 089 006 Pre-fail Always - 232775642
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 098 098 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 152
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 091 091 036 Pre-fail Always - 194
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 100 253 030 Pre-fail Always - 252775
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 206
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1466
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 883
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 063 057 045 Old_age Always - 37 (Min/Max 36/37)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 309
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1565
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 037 043 000 Old_age Always - 37 (0 22 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 060 045 000 Old_age Always - 232775642
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 191
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 191
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 2254 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 2254 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 206 hours (8 days + 14 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 03 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:00:08.281 READ DMA EXT
ef 03 46 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.280 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 03 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.279 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.272 IDENTIFY DEVICE
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00:00:08.216 NOP [Abort queued commands]
Error 2253 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 206 hours (8 days + 14 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:00:05.747 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.742 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.741 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.740 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.735 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 2252 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 206 hours (8 days + 14 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 03 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:00:08.301 READ DMA EXT
ef 03 46 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.300 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 03 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.299 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.292 IDENTIFY DEVICE
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00:00:08.225 NOP [Abort queued commands]
Error 2251 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 206 hours (8 days + 14 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:00:05.756 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.751 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.750 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.750 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.744 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 2250 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 205 hours (8 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 03 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:02:07.468 READ DMA EXT
ef 03 46 00 00 00 00 00 00:02:07.467 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 03 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00:02:07.467 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00:02:07.459 IDENTIFY DEVICE
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00:02:07.403 NOP [Abort queued commands]
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
“驱动器已损坏或即将失效。回收并更换它。提示：当 smartctl 为您报告的未更正错误提供非零值时，这意味着驱动器已耗尽制造商预留的备用扇区供应，并且故障即将发生。 ——亚历克斯·P”