我尝试学习使用 tomcat，但在守护进程的安装和启动方面却遇到了困难。
我从 tomcat 网站下载并将二进制文件放在/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.37/
$CATALINA_HOME正指向这一点。
我使用以下选项配置了 jsvc-with-java=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64
并将 jsvc 复制到 bin/ 目录。
按照文档中所述初始化守护进程后，我尝试启动守护进程：
sudo $CATALINA_HOME/bin/daemons.sh start
Cannot find any VM in Java Home /usr
catalina.out 说：
Cannot find any VM in Java Home /usr
Cannot locate JVM library file
Service exit with a return value of 1
我不知道我错过了什么或者为什么它会切断 JAVA_HOME。
echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64
无论如何，即使不使用 daemons.sh，tomcat 似乎也能正常工作。至少我能够访问成功的欢迎页面http://localhost:8080/
也许守护进程脚本不适用于我的配置！？有什么建议可以正确检查我的 Tomcat 安装是否正确吗？
下午 2:58 编辑：
daemons.sh 的内容
#!/bin/sh
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Commons Daemon wrapper script.
#
daemon.sh
#!/bin/sh
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Commons Daemon wrapper script.
#
# $Id: daemon.sh 1202058 2011-11-15 06:37:12Z mturk $
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
ARG0="$0"
while [ -h "$ARG0" ]; do
ls=`ls -ld "$ARG0"`
link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
ARG0="$link"
else
ARG0="`dirname $ARG0`/$link"
fi
done
DIRNAME="`dirname $ARG0`"
PROGRAM="`basename $ARG0`"
while [ ".$1" != . ]
do
case "$1" in
--java-home )
JAVA_HOME="$2"
shift; shift;
continue
;;
--catalina-home )
CATALINA_HOME="$2"
shift; shift;
continue
;;
--catalina-base )
CATALINA_BASE="$2"
shift; shift;
continue
;;
--catalina-pid )
CATALINA_PID="$2"
shift; shift;
continue
;;
--tomcat-user )
TOMCAT_USER="$2"
shift; shift;
continue
;;
* )
break
;;
esac
done
# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
cygwin=false;
darwin=false;
case "`uname`" in
CYGWIN*)
cygwin=true
;;
Darwin*)
darwin=true
;;
esac
# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that
test ".$MAX_FD" = . && MAX_FD="maximum"
# Setup parameters for running the jsvc
#
test ".$TOMCAT_USER" = . && TOMCAT_USER=tomcat
# Set JAVA_HOME to working JDK or JRE
# JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk-1.6.0.22
# If not set we'll try to guess the JAVA_HOME
# from java binary if on the PATH
#
if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ]; then
JAVA_BIN="`which java 2>/dev/null || type java 2>&1`"
test -x "$JAVA_BIN" && JAVA_HOME="`dirname $JAVA_BIN`"
test ".$JAVA_HOME" != . && JAVA_HOME=`cd "$JAVA_HOME/.." >/dev/null; pwd`
else
JAVA_BIN="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
fi
# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set
test ".$CATALINA_HOME" = . && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$DIRNAME/.." >/dev/null; pwd`
test ".$CATALINA_BASE" = . && CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME"
test ".$CATALINA_MAIN" = . && CATALINA_MAIN=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
test ".$JSVC" = . && JSVC="$CATALINA_BASE/bin/jsvc"
# Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
# but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed.
CLASSPATH=
JAVA_OPTS=
if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
. "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"
elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
. "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"
fi
# Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH
test ".$CLASSPATH" != . && CLASSPATH="${CLASSPATH}:"
CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar"
test ".$CATALINA_OUT" = . && CATALINA_OUT="$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina-daemon.out"
test ".$CATALINA_TMP" = . && CATALINA_TMP="$CATALINA_BASE/temp"
# Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
# tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" ] ; then
CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"
else
CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"
fi
# Set juli LogManager config file if it is present and an override has not been issued
if [ -z "$LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then
if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties" ]; then
LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"
else
# Bugzilla 45585
LOGGING_CONFIG="-Dnop"
fi
fi
test ".$LOGGING_MANAGER" = . && LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS $LOGGING_MANAGER"
# Set -pidfile
test ".$CATALINA_PID" = . && CATALINA_PID="$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina-daemon.pid"
# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can
if [ "$cygwin" = "false" ]; then
MAX_FD_LIMIT=`ulimit -H -n`
if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
# Darwin does not allow RLIMIT_INFINITY on file soft limit
if [ "$darwin" = "true" -a "$MAX_FD_LIMIT" = "unlimited" ]; then
MAX_FD_LIMIT=`/usr/sbin/sysctl -n kern.maxfilesperproc`
fi
test ".$MAX_FD" = ".maximum" && MAX_FD="$MAX_FD_LIMIT"
ulimit -n $MAX_FD
if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "$PROGRAM: Could not set maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD"
fi
else
echo "$PROGRAM: Could not query system maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD_LIMIT"
fi
fi
# ----- Execute The Requested Command -----------------------------------------
case "$1" in
run )
shift
"$JSVC" $* \
$JSVC_OPTS \
-java-home "$JAVA_HOME" \
-pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
-wait 10 \
-nodetach \
-outfile "&1" \
-errfile "&2" \
-classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
"$LOGGING_CONFIG" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMP" \
$CATALINA_MAIN
exit $?
;;
start )
"$JSVC" $JSVC_OPTS \
-java-home "$JAVA_HOME" \
-user $TOMCAT_USER \
-pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
-wait 10 \
-outfile "$CATALINA_OUT" \
-errfile "&1" \
-classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
"$LOGGING_CONFIG" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMP" \
$CATALINA_MAIN
exit $?
;;
stop )
"$JSVC" $JSVC_OPTS \
-stop \
-pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
-classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMP" \
$CATALINA_MAIN
exit $?
;;
version )
"$JSVC" \
-java-home "$JAVA_HOME" \
-pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
-classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-errfile "&2" \
-version \
-check \
$CATALINA_MAIN
if [ "$?" = 0 ]; then
"$JAVA_BIN" \
-classpath "$CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina.jar" \
org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
fi
exit $?
;;
* )
echo "Unknown command: \`$1'"
echo "Usage: $PROGRAM ( commands ... )"
echo "commands:"
echo " run Start Tomcat without detaching from console"
echo " start Start Tomcat"
echo " stop Stop Tomcat"
echo " version What version of commons daemon and Tomcat"
echo " are you running?"
exit 1
;;
esac
答案1
我自己也遇到过类似的问题，因此为了节省其他人的时间。您可能会发现Tomcat Unix 守护进程文档很有帮助，特别是最后几段。我相信你需要尝试以下方法：
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/daemon.sh --java-home /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.../
你可能需要将 jsvc jar 复制到$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar
如果您不需要专门将 tomcat 作为守护进程运行，则调用$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh run会更简单。