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获取 Virtualbox 的真实 IP 地址以进行 LDAP 配置

tag-icon • tag-icon ubuntu networking virtualbox virtual-machine ldap
获取 Virtualbox 的真实 IP 地址以进行 LDAP 配置

我计划在 Windows 计算机上的两个 ubuntu 虚拟机之间设置 LDAP 配置。

所以我使用 VirtualBox 在我的 Windows 机器上安装了两个 ubuntu 16.04 虚拟机。现在我想获得一个真实的IP，这样我就可以从任何地方连接到虚拟机。

当我使用NAT它时，将 IP 设置为 10.0.4.14，当我选择Bridged adapter或Host-only Adapter时，我没有任何互联网连接。

谁能告诉我在 Ubuntu 16.04 中使用 Virtualbox 时如何获得“真实”IP，以便我可以将此 IP 用于 LDAP？

答案1

流浪汉

我已经转而使用 Vagrant +Vagrantfiles专门通过 Virtualbox 来完成此操作。我使用这个文件在我的笔记本电脑上设置 2 个虚拟机。

本作的特点Vagrantfile：

  • VM 是 Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial64)
  • 虚拟机从 LAN 的 DHCP 服务器请求公共 IP 地址
  • 虚拟机将利用 Virtualbox 主机的 NIC 接口（参见文件）
  • centos/7如果您想切换，我在文件中留下了图像的名称

Vagrant 资源

Vagrant 文件示例

$ cat Vagrantfile
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :


##############
### References
# - https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/vagrantfile/machine_settings.html
# - https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/vagrantfile/tips.html
# - https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/networking/forwarded_ports.html
##############

#unless Vagrant.has_plugin?("HostManager")
#  raise 'HostManager plugin not installed!'
#end

require 'digest/sha1'

uniqID = "_" + (Digest::SHA1.hexdigest Dir.pwd()).slice(0..8)
image  = "ubuntu/xenial64"
#image = "centos/7"

if Vagrant::Util::Platform.windows? then
  interfaces = [
    "Intel(R) 82583V Gigabit Network Connection",
    "Intel(R) 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection",
  ]
elsif Vagrant::Util::Platform.darwin? then
  interfaces = [
    "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)",
    "en1: Wi-Fi (AirPort)",
  ]
else
  interfaces = [
    "eth0",
    "eth1",
    "wlan0",
  ]
end


Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  vboxName1 = "box-101"
  hostname1 = "box101"
  config.vm.define "#{vboxName1}" do |front|
    front.vm.box = "#{image}"
    #front.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.56.101"
    front.vm.network :public_network, use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true, bridge: interfaces
    front.vm.provider :virtualbox do |v|
      v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", 512]
      v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "#{hostname1}#{uniqID}"]
    end
  end
  vboxName2 = "box-102"
  hostname2 = "box102"
  config.vm.define "#{vboxName2}" do |front|
    front.vm.box = "#{image}"
    #front.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.56.102"
    front.vm.network :public_network, use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true, bridge: interfaces
    front.vm.provider :virtualbox do |v|
      v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", 512]
      v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "#{hostname2}#{uniqID}"]
    end
  end
end

用法

启动两个虚拟机 
 $ vagrant up
一次启动一台虚拟机 
 $ vagrant up box-101
 $ vagrant up box-102
ssh 到 VM box-101 
$ vagrant ssh box-101
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-130-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest:
    http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud

0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.


/usr/bin/xauth:  file /home/vagrant/.Xauthority does not exist
vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$
确认IP地址 
vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ ip a l
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 02:97:71:8a:f0:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global enp0s3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::97:71ff:fe8a:f0d8/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:e6:43:ac brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.12.208/24 brd 172.16.12.255 scope global enp0s8
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fee6:43ac/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$

笔记：您将拥有 2 个接口，这是预期的行为。 Vagrant/Virtualbox 总是设置一个与enp0s3该接口关联的接口类似的接口10.0.2.15/24。这是 Vagrant 在通过 SSH 连接到虚拟机等操作时使用的 NIC。

测试网络连接

通过上述内容Vagrantfile以及启动的 2 个虚拟机（box-101 和 box-102），我们可以验证 3 个网络连接场景。笔记：在开始之前，记下虚拟机的 IP 地址。

背景

对于框 101 (172.16.12.208)： 
$ ip a l enp0s8
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:e6:43:ac brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.12.208/24 brd 172.16.12.255 scope global enp0s8
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fee6:43ac/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
对于框 102 (172.16.12.116)： 
$ ip a l enp0s8
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:df:3b:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.12.116/24 brd 172.16.12.255 scope global enp0s8
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fedf:3b06/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

应用场景

场景#1：box-102 → box-101 
## On box-101 run:
$ nc -l 12345

## On box-102 run:
$ curl -v telnet://172.16.12.208:12345
* Rebuilt URL to: telnet://172.16.12.208:12345/
*   Trying 172.16.12.208...
* Connected to 172.16.12.208 (172.16.12.208) port 12345 (#0)
^C
场景 #2：Virtualbox 主机 → box-101 
## On box-101 run:
$ nc -l 12345

# On Virtualbox Host
$ curl -v telnet://172.16.12.208:12345
* Rebuilt URL to: telnet://172.16.12.208:12345/
*   Trying 172.16.12.208...
* Connected to 172.16.12.208 (172.16.12.208) port 12345 (#0)
^C
场景 #3：远程服务器 → box-101 
## On box-101 run:
$ nc -l 12345

## In Remote Server
$ curl -v telnet://172.16.12.208:12345
* About to connect() to 172.16.12.208 port 12345 (#0)
*   Trying 172.16.12.208...
* Connected to 172.16.12.208 (172.16.12.208) port 12345 (#0)
^C

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