![在 ubuntu 上最小化安装 emacs24](https://linux22.com/image/1369884/%E5%9C%A8%20ubuntu%20%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E5%8C%96%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%20emacs24.png)
我需要一个最小的 emacs 24 安装,以便在虚拟盒中分发。当我尝试从 synaptics 安装 emacs-snapshot 时,我安装了大量东西,如 ghostscript 和 imagemagic 以及各种库。我需要它们吗?有办法解决这个问题吗?
答案1
我需要一个最小的 emacs 24 安装,以便在虚拟盒中进行分发。当我尝试安装 emacs 时...
我知道这种感觉...当我安装emacs-nox
它可能超过 100 MB。这对于某些资源受限的设备来说是不可接受的,比如比格犬板或者香蕉专业版只有几百MB的可用存储空间。
您可以使用以下命令获取并解压最新的 emacs(为了配方完整性):
wget http://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/gnu/emacs/emacs-24.5.tar.gz
tar xzf emacs-24.5.tar.gz
cd emacs-24.5/
以下是我使用的配置emacs-24.5。它生成了 25.4 MB 的二进制文件:
./configure --with-xml2 --with-zlib --without-x --without-sound --without-xpm \
--without-jpeg --without-tiff --without-gif --without-png --without-rsvg \
--without-imagemagick --without-xft --without-libotf --without-m17n-flt \
--without-xaw3d --without-toolkit-scroll-bars --without-gpm --without-dbus \
--without-gconf --without-gsettings --without-makeinfo \
--without-compress-install
和:
$ ls -l /usr/local/bin/
total 26648
...
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 4 Jan 8 2015 bin2fex -> fexc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 580105 Jan 19 23:10 ctags
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 251350 Jan 19 23:10 ebrowse
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 10 Jan 19 23:10 emacs -> emacs-24.5
-rwxr-xr-t 1 root staff 25453742 Jan 19 23:10 emacs-24.5
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 260328 Jan 19 23:10 emacsclient
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 578307 Jan 19 23:10 etags
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 4 Jan 8 2015 fex2bin -> fexc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 49726 Jan 8 2015 fexc
...
从源代码构建确实需要编译器和链接器之类的东西,但无论如何我都会通过build-essential
包。唯一缺少的依赖项是ncurses
包裹 (ncurses-dev
)。
即使删除了所有额外的 GUI 内容,你仍然可以获得烦人的屏幕带有超链接。但二进制文件只有 1/4 大小,因此我称之为胜利。
$ ./configure ...
Where should the build process find the source code? .
What compiler should emacs be built with? gcc -std=gnu99 -g3 -O2
Should Emacs use the GNU version of malloc? yes
(Using Doug Lea's new malloc from the GNU C Library.)
Should Emacs use a relocating allocator for buffers? no
Should Emacs use mmap(2) for buffer allocation? no
What window system should Emacs use? none
What toolkit should Emacs use? none
Where do we find X Windows header files? NONE
Where do we find X Windows libraries? NONE
Does Emacs use -lXaw3d? no
Does Emacs use -lXpm? no
Does Emacs use -ljpeg? no
Does Emacs use -ltiff? no
Does Emacs use a gif library? no
Does Emacs use a png library? no
Does Emacs use -lrsvg-2? no
Does Emacs use imagemagick? no
Does Emacs support sound? no
Does Emacs use -lgpm? no
Does Emacs use -ldbus? no
Does Emacs use -lgconf? no
Does Emacs use GSettings? no
Does Emacs use a file notification library? yes -lglibc (inotify)
Does Emacs use access control lists? no
Does Emacs use -lselinux? no
Does Emacs use -lgnutls? no
Does Emacs use -lxml2? no
Does Emacs use -lfreetype? no
Does Emacs use -lm17n-flt? no
Does Emacs use -lotf? no
Does Emacs use -lxft? no
Does Emacs directly use zlib? no
Does Emacs use toolkit scroll bars? no
答案2
如果您需要它们所体现的功能,那么您就需要它们;例如,用于 Postscript 处理的 ghostscript 库用于 Emacs 的打印系统,而 imagemagick 库则大量涉及 Emacs 的图像支持。
也就是说,如果您不需要 Emacs 来生成 Postscript 或显示图像等,那么解决这些库需求的最佳方法是获取并构建 Emacs 源,仅启用您实际需要的功能,以尽量减少 Emacs 链接的外部库的数量。
您可以从以下位置获取 Emacs 源代码GNU 项目网站。下载并解压后,构建将遵循通常的configure <options> && make && make install
惯例。
configure --help
以下是Emacs 24.3 的配置选项的完整列表(的输出):
`configure' configures emacs 24.3 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking ...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/emacs]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
Program names:
--program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
--program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
--program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names
X features:
--x-includes=DIR X include files are in DIR
--x-libraries=DIR X library files are in DIR
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--disable-ns-self-contained
disable self contained build under NeXTstep
--enable-locallisppath=PATH
directories Emacs should search for lisp files
specific to this site
--enable-checking[=LIST]
enable expensive run-time checks. With LIST, enable
only specific categories of checks. Categories are:
all,yes,no. Flags are: stringbytes, stringoverrun,
stringfreelist, xmallocoverrun, conslist, glyphs
--enable-check-lisp-object-type
enable compile time checks for the Lisp_Object data
type. This is useful for development for catching
certain types of bugs.
--enable-profiling build emacs with low-level, gprof profiling support.
Mainly useful for debugging Emacs itself. May not
work on all platforms. Stops profiler.el working.
--enable-autodepend automatically generate dependencies to .h-files.
Requires GNU Make and Gcc. Enabled if GNU Make and
Gcc is found
--disable-dependency-tracking speeds up one-time build
--enable-dependency-tracking do not reject slow dependency extractors
--disable-largefile omit support for large files
--enable-gcc-warnings turn on lots of GCC warnings/errors. This is
intended for developers, and may generate false
alarms when used with older or non-GNU development
tools.
--enable-link-time-optimization
build emacs with link-time optimization. This is
supported only for GCC since 4.5.0.
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--without-all omit almost all features and build small executable
with minimal dependencies
--without-pop don't support POP mail retrieval with movemail
--with-kerberos support Kerberos-authenticated POP
--with-kerberos5 support Kerberos version 5 authenticated POP
--with-hesiod support Hesiod to get the POP server host
--with-mmdf support MMDF mailboxes
--with-mail-unlink unlink, rather than empty, mail spool after reading
--with-mailhost=HOSTNAME
string giving default POP mail host
--without-sound don't compile with sound support
--with-x-toolkit=KIT use an X toolkit (KIT one of: yes or gtk, gtk2,
gtk3, lucid or athena, motif, no)
--with-wide-int prefer wide Emacs integers (typically 62-bit)
--without-xpm don't compile with XPM image support
--without-jpeg don't compile with JPEG image support
--without-tiff don't compile with TIFF image support
--without-gif don't compile with GIF image support
--without-png don't compile with PNG image support
--without-rsvg don't compile with SVG image support
--without-xml2 don't compile with XML parsing support
--without-imagemagick don't compile with ImageMagick image support
--without-xft don't use XFT for anti aliased fonts
--without-libotf don't use libotf for OpenType font support
--without-m17n-flt don't use m17n-flt for text shaping
--without-toolkit-scroll-bars
don't use Motif or Xaw3d scroll bars
--without-xaw3d don't use Xaw3d
--without-xim don't use X11 XIM
--with-ns use NeXTstep (Cocoa or GNUstep) windowing system
--with-w32 use native MS Windows GUI
--without-gpm don't use -lgpm for mouse support on a GNU/Linux
console
--without-dbus don't compile with D-Bus support
--without-gconf don't compile with GConf support
--without-gsettings don't compile with GSettings support
--without-selinux don't compile with SELinux support
--without-gnutls don't use -lgnutls for SSL/TLS support
--without-makeinfo don't require makeinfo for building manuals
--without-compress-info don't compress the installed Info pages
--with-pkg-config-prog=PATH
path to pkg-config for finding GTK and librsvg
--with-crt-dir=DIR directory containing crtn.o etc. The default is
/usr/lib, or /usr/lib64 on some platforms.
--with-gameuser=USER user for shared game score files
--with-gnustep-conf=PATH
path to GNUstep.conf; default $GNUSTEP_CONFIG_FILE,
or /etc/GNUstep/GNUstep.conf
--with-x use the X Window System
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
CPP C preprocessor
XMKMF Path to xmkmf, Makefile generator for X Window System
Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
Report bugs to the package provider.
名称以“enable”、“disable”、“with”和“without”开头的选项控制在生成的二进制文件中内置哪些功能,这应该是您主要感兴趣的。
我最近构建了我自己的 Emacs 24.3,我可以证明构建过程非常简单;如果您熟悉从源代码构建 Linux 软件,那么除了可能需要安装一个或两个库之外,您应该不会遇到任何困难,如果您不熟悉该过程,那么这是一个开始学习它的好地方。