情况
我的情况非常复杂。基本上，我的 SSD 上有一个操作系统，我通过 eSata 在家用电脑上运行它。没问题，我每天都使用它，操作系统运行良好，SSD 没有问题（eSata 也应该有 TRIMM），我们说的是三星 840 Pro 型号，我把它放在一个硬盘盒里，可以在 eSata 上运行（使用 usb2 供电）或 USB 3 上运行（使用 usb2 供电）。
总结一下：eSata + USB2 => 在家用电脑上（工作正常），USB3 + USB2 => 在笔记本电脑上（工作不正常）
SSD 分区方式如下：8MB 空（原始）分区用作填充（避免 SSD 出现一些问题），~120GB EXT4 分区，上面有 debian
我使用这种策略是因为我想在单一操作系统上工作，笔记本电脑是我并不经常使用的东西，但是当我不在家时，我希望能够继续在外面工作。
问题
如果我在笔记本电脑上启动 SSD，我只能看到一个带有提示的黑屏，但我无法写入（我甚至不认为已经到达操作系统启动记录），使用 ctrl + alt + canc 计算机会启动另一台笔记本电脑硬盘（Windows）。
重要的提示：以前这种配置工作正常，SSD 不同（但硬盘盒相同），它是一个关键的 M4，我错过了填充分区（我认为这就是导致问题的原因）。
重要提示2：SSD 在同一个 Debian 分区上安装了 GRUB 实例（我总是通过它启动），但它显然没有运行。
临时解决方案
我是这样解决的：在 U 盘上安装 Super Grub Disk，然后执行“Live Swap”=>Easy Swap，将 SSD 移至“第一个驱动器”。然后我运行“Activate Partition”，选择 SSD 并选择第二个分区（120 GB 分区）。
最后，我运行启动 Linux，并且它正确启动，引导 Debian GRUB，然后操作系统正确启动。
为什么会发生这种情况？我该如何避免使用带有 grub 的 pendrive 来正确运行 SSD？我的笔记本电脑上只有 4 个 USB 插槽，其中 2 个用于 SSD，一个用于鼠标...我真的想留一个空闲的 ;)
更新 1
有人建议我跑步启动信息脚本， 在这个要点您可以找到该命令的结果，为了完整性在此报告。
Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012]
Identifying MBRs...
Computing Partition Table of /dev/sda...
Computing Partition Table of /dev/sdb...
Searching sda1 for information...
Searching sda2 for information...
Searching sda3 for information...
Searching sda5 for information...
Searching sda4 for information...
Searching sdb1 for information...
Searching sdb2 for information...
Searching sdc for information...
Finished. The results are in the file "RESULTS1.txt"
located in "/home/francesco/Downloads/bootinfoscript-061/".
Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /BOOT/BCD
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 7
Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda5 starts
at sector 2048.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /boot/bcd
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type ''
sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: Grub2 (v1.99)
Boot sector info: Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the boot sector of sdb2
and looks at sector 42235976 of the same hard drive
for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
for (,msdos2)/boot/grub on this drive.
Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type ''
mount: /dev/sdb2 already mounted or sdb2 busy
sdc: ___________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 4.03 2010-10-22 ........>..sr>.......sr.:...0...~.....~...f...M.f.f....f..0~....>E}.u......
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 35744 of /dev/sdc for its
second stage. SYSLINUX is installed in the directory.
No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Boot file info: Grub Legacy (v) in the file /ubninit looks at sector
700 of the same hard drive for the stage2 file, but no
stage2 files can be found at this location.
Operating System:
Boot files: /syslinux.cfg /ldlinux.sys
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda2 206,848 130,230,271 130,023,424 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda3 130,230,272 927,825,919 797,595,648 f W95 Extended (LBA)
/dev/sda5 130,232,320 927,825,919 797,593,600 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda4 927,825,920 976,769,023 48,943,104 27 Hidden NTFS (Recovery Environment)
Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdb: 128.0 GB, 128035676160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15566 cylinders, total 250069680 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdb1 2,048 16,383 14,336 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 * 16,384 250,068,991 250,052,608 83 Linux
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/sda1 FA6C09876C09403D ntfs SYSTEM
/dev/sda2 9878A3D078A3AC06 ntfs
/dev/sda4 5CDE50ECDE50BFC6 ntfs SAMSUNG_REC
/dev/sda5 0AA83289A8327375 ntfs
/dev/sdb2 472ab335-fb07-4e24-90c1-d54758f4b7d9 ext4 Deb
/dev/sdc 48E6-24B9 vfat KEYBIG
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/disk/by-uuid/472ab335-fb07-4e24-90c1-d54758f4b7d9 / ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered)
============================== sdc/syslinux.cfg: ===============================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
default menu.c32
prompt 0
menu title UNetbootin
timeout 100
label unetbootindefault
menu label Default
kernel /ubnkern
append initrd=/ubninit
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
================== sdc: Location of files loaded by Syslinux: ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1
?? = ?? menu.c32 1
?? = ?? syslinux.cfg 1
=============== sdc: Version of COM32(R) files used by Syslinux: ===============
menu.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx)
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
xz: (stdin): Compressed data is corrupt
答案1
问题似乎是我没有在 SSD 的 MBR 上安装 GRUB。我不知道我的家用电脑如何启动它，但在 MBR 上安装 grub 解决了这个问题，现在我也可以在没有 U 盘的情况下在笔记本电脑上启动了。