以下awk
语法将在文件中的包含单词“DatePattern”的行之前添加 3 行:
$ awk 'done != 1 && /DatePattern/ {
print "log4j.appender.DRFA=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender"
print "log4j.appender.DRFA.MaxBackupIndex=100"
print "log4j.appender.DRFA.MaxFileSize=10MB"
done = 1
} 1' file >newfile && mv newfile file
问题是awk
不关心行是否已经存在,那么需要添加什么到awk
,以便仅在行尚不存在时插入行?
其他例子
在本例中,我们要在包含“HOTEL”一词的行之前添加名称“trump”、“bush”和“putin”,但仅限于这些名称不存在的情况:
$ awk 'done != 1 && /HOTEL/ {
print "trump"
print "bush"
print "putin"
done = 1
} 1' file >newfile && mv newfile file
答案1
您可以按如下方式执行此操作:
# store the 3 lines to match in shell variables
line_1="log4j.appender.DRFA=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender"
line_2="log4j.appender.DRFA.MaxBackupIndex=100"
line_3="log4j.appender.DRFA.MaxFileSize=10MB"
# function that escapes it's first argument to make it palatable
# for use in `sed` editor's `s///` command's left-hand side argument
esc() {
printf '%s\n' "$1" | sed -e 's:[][\/.^$*]:\\&:g'
}
# escape the lines
line_1_esc=$(esc "$line_1")
line_2_esc=$(esc "$line_2")
line_3_esc=$(esc "$line_3")
# invoke `sed` and fill up the pattern space with 4 lines (rather than the default 1)
# then apply the regex to detect the presence of the lines 1/2/3.
sed -e '
1N;2N;$!N
'"/^$line_1_esc\n$line_2_esc\n$line_3_esc\n.*DatePattern/"'!D
:a;n;$!ba
' input.file
答案2
基于名称的顺序无关紧要的假设,并且它们总是以三个一组出现,尝试
awk '
BEGIN {INSTXT = "trump" ORS "bush" ORS "putin"
for (n = split (INSTXT, T, ORS); n; n--) PRES[T[n]]
}
!(LAST in PRES) &&
/HOTEL/ {print INSTXT
}
{LAST = $0
}
1
' file