我最近从win10切换到Ubuntu，因为我不再用它玩游戏了。当我安装它时，我只能访问我的桌面（gdm3），但分辨率为 800x600，看起来很糟糕。
现在我安装了所有必要的驱动程序，我获得了完整的 1920x1080 分辨率，但无法访问 GUI。 （我无法退出 tty1。）
解决了：使用集成显卡 (intel) 作为主显卡：sudo prime-select intel
它是这么说的：
>sudo startx
X.Org X Server 1.19.6
Release Date: 2017-12-20
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
Build Operating System: Linux 4.4.0-119-generic x86_64 Ubuntu
Current Operating System: Linux <machine name> 4.15.0-30-generic #32-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jul 26 17:42:43 UTC 2018 x86_64
Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-30-generic root=UUID=<uuid> ro quiet splash pci=noaer 3
Build Date: 13 April 2018 08:07:36PM
xorg-server 2:1.19.6-1ubuntu4 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support)
Current version of pixman: 0.34.0
Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (II) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: /var/log/Xorg.2.log", Time: Sat Aug 11 20:56:06 2018
(==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"
(==) Using config directory: /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d"
(==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
这就是它冻结并且不再生成任何输出的地方。我就这样放了两个小时，没有任何变化。
我使用的是配备 gtx960M 和 Ubuntu 18.04 的 MSI 笔记本电脑。根据要求提供更多信息。
有人可以告诉我如何解决这个问题吗？因为我的工作真的需要这个笔记本......
驱动器输出：
>ubuntu-drivers devices
== sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd0000139Bsv00001462sd00001150BbcO3sc02i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
model : GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M]
driver : nvidia-driver-390 - third-party free
driver : nvidia-driver-396 - third-party free recommended
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
冻结#2
[ OK ] Started Daily apt download activities.
[ OK ] Listening on UUID daemon activation socket.
[ OK ] Started Discard unused blocks once a week.
Starting Socket activation for snappy daemon.
[ OK ] Started CUPS Scheduler.
[ OK ] Listening on ACPID Listen Socket.
[ OK ] Started Message of the Day.
[ OK ] Started Daily apt upgrade and clean activities
[ OK ] Started ACPI Events Check.
[ OK ] Reached target Paths.
[ OK ] Started Trigger anacron every hour.
[ OK ] Listening on CUPS Scheduler.
[ OK ] Reached target Timers.
[ OK ] Listening on D-Bus System Message Bus Socket.
[ OK ] Listening on Socket activation for snappy daemon.
[ OK ] Reached target Sockets.
[ OK ] Reached target Basic System.
Starting System Logging Service...
Starting LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB...
Starting Thermal Daemon Service...
Starting LSB: Speech Dispatcher...
[ OK ] Started D-Bus System Message Bus.
[ OK ] Reached target Login Prompts.
Starting Accounts Service...
Starting Login Service...
Starting Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack...
[ OK ] Started Run anacron Jobs.
[ OK ] Started CUPS Scheduler.
Starting rng-tools.service...
Starting WPA supplicant...
Starting LSB: automatic crash report generation...
Starting Network Manager...
Starting Restore /etc/resolv.conf if the system crashed before the ppp link was shut down...
[ OK ] Started irqbalance daemon.
Starting Dispatcher daemon for systemd-networkd...
Starting Detect the available GPUs and deal with any system changes...
[ OK ] Started Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor.
Starting Bluetooth service...
[ OK ] Started Regular background program processing daemon.
Starting Disk Manager...
[ OK ] Started ACPI event daemon.
Starting Save/Restore Sound Card State...
Starting Modem Manager...
Starting Snappy daemon...
[ OK ] Started System Logging Service.
[ OK ] Started Restore /etc/resolv.conf if the system crashed before the ppp link was shut down.
[ OK ] Started Save/Restore Sound Card State.
[ OK ] Started Thermal Daemon Service.
[ OK ] Started Login Service.
[ OK ] Started LSB: Speech Dispatcher.
[ OK ] Started LSB: automatic crash report generation.
[ OK ] Started rng-tools.service.
Starting Authorization Manager...
[ OK ] Started Detect the available GPUs and deal with any system changes.
[ OK ] Started Bluetooth service.
[ OK ] Reached target Bluetooth.
[ OK ] Started Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack.
[ OK ] Started Make remote CUPS printers available locally.
Starting Hostname service...
[ OK ] Started LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB.
[ OK ] Started Authorization Manager.
[ OK ] Started Raise network interfaces.
[ OK ] Started Accounts service.
[ OK ] Started Modem Manager.
[ OK ] Started Hostname Service.
[ OK ] Started Disk Manager.
nvidia-smi / uname -r
>nvidia-smi
Sat Aug 11 23:01:59 2018
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 396.51 Driver Version: 396.51 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 GeForce GTX 960M Off | 00000000:01:00.0 Off | N/A |
| N/A 49C P8 N/A / N/A | 13MiB / 2004MiB | 0% Default |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: GPU Memory |
| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 1164 G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg 7MiB |
| 0 2023 G /usr/bin/gnome-shell 5MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
>uname -r
4.15.0-30-generic
lspci
>lspci -knn | grep VGA -A3
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530 [8086:191b] (rev 06)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] HD Graphics 530 [1462:115b]
Kernel modules: i915
00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-H USB 3.0 xHCI Controller [8086:a12f] (rev 31)
提前致谢，
莉迪亚
答案1
首先删除 nvidia 驱动程序：
sudo apt purge nvidia-*
接下来让Ubuntu安装推荐的396驱动程序：
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
重新启动您的笔记本电脑：
sudo reboot
由于已经使用Ubuntu 18.04，所以默认启用图形环境：
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
如果您想在没有 GUI（多用户环境）的情况下从当前会话启动 Gnome 桌面，只需执行：
sudo systemctl start gdm3.service
更新
由于使用的是混合显卡，因此需要安装在和显卡nvidia-prime之间切换（已经可以安装）：intelnvidia
sudo apt install nvidia-prime
检查正在使用哪个显卡：
prime-select query
您可以看到intel或nvidia作为命令的输出。如果您看到intel，请切换到nvidia：
sudo prime-select nvidia
重新启动并检查图形是否正常。如果prime-select query返回nvidia，请尝试切换到intel：
sudo prime-select intel
重新启动并查看是否一切正常。如果没有帮助，请在命令的问题输出文本中发布：
sudo lshw -c display
答案2
注意：最好将其添加为鲍勃答案的评论，但我对此没有足够的声誉。
我遇到了同样的问题（虽然没有遵循更新）@Bob 的回答和评论也帮助了我（我认为......我遵循了步骤）。但此外，我想说以下命令没有启动 GUI：
$ sudo systemctl start gdm3.service
所以我尝试了以下命令，它启动了我的 gdm3.service GUI ：
$ sudo service gdm3 start