我有一个小“ARMv7 处理器修订版 2 (v7l)”运行带有内核 2.6.37 的 Ubuntu 10.04 LTS 的供电盒环境是一个带有小型 RW 配置区域的 squashfs rootfs：
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mtdblock11 246664 246664 0 100% /
ubi1_0 6648 100 6548 2% /.profile
该盒子启动并运行没有问题，但是我试图访问一些 /dev/mtd 设备，但在尝试连接时收到错误：
# /usr/sbin/ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -m 3
ubiattach: error!: cannot attach mtd3
error 22 (Invalid argument)
[2335587.812500] UBI: attaching mtd3 to ubi2
[2335587.812500] UBI: physical eraseblock size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB)
[2335587.812500] UBI: logical eraseblock size: 129024 bytes
[2335587.812500] UBI: smallest flash I/O unit: 2048
[2335587.812500] UBI: sub-page size: 512
[2335587.812500] UBI: VID header offset: 512 (aligned 512)
[2335587.812500] UBI: data offset: 2048
[2335587.820312] UBI: max. sequence number: 0
[2335587.820312] UBI error: ubi_read_volume_table: the layout volume was not found
我可以访问某些设备，但无法访问大多数设备。例如：我可以连接到 /dev/mtd10，但无法连接到 /dev/mtd5
# /usr/sbin/mtdinfo /dev/mtd10 -u
mtd10
Name: backup
Type: nand
Eraseblock size: 131072 bytes, 128.0 KiB
Amount of eraseblocks: 320 (41943040 bytes, 40.0 MiB)
Minimum input/output unit size: 2048 bytes
Sub-page size: 512 bytes
OOB size: 64 bytes
Character device major/minor: 90:20
Bad blocks are allowed: true
Device is writable: true
Default UBI VID header offset: 512
Default UBI data offset: 2048
Default UBI LEB size: 129024 bytes, 126.0 KiB
Maximum UBI volumes count: 128
# /usr/sbin/mtdinfo /dev/mtd5 -u
mtd5
Name: initrd
Type: nand
Eraseblock size: 131072 bytes, 128.0 KiB
Amount of eraseblocks: 96 (12582912 bytes, 12.0 MiB)
Minimum input/output unit size: 2048 bytes
Sub-page size: 512 bytes
OOB size: 64 bytes
Character device major/minor: 90:10
Bad blocks are allowed: true
Device is writable: true
Default UBI VID header offset: 512
Default UBI data offset: 2048
Default UBI LEB size: 129024 bytes, 126.0 KiB
Maximum UBI volumes count: 128
添加 /proc/mtd 输出：
# cat /proc/mtd
dev: size erasesize name
mtd0: 00080000 00020000 "mlo"
mtd1: 00100000 00020000 "uboot-1"
mtd2: 00100000 00020000 "uboot-2"
mtd3: 00200000 00020000 "u-boot-env"
mtd4: 00c00000 00020000 "kernel"
mtd5: 00c00000 00020000 "initrd"
mtd6: 00a00000 00020000 "miniinitrd"
mtd7: 01400000 00020000 "atb-1"
mtd8: 01400000 00020000 "atb-2"
mtd9: 00a00000 00020000 "profile"
mtd10: 02800000 00020000 "backup"
mtd11: 17f80000 00020000 "root-fs"
安装的实用程序版本为 1.4.5
所以，我正在寻找答案：为什么我无法附加？
后来我能够使用 dd 从 /dev/mtdblock5 获取 initrd 分区：
initrd.dd: u-boot legacy uImage, ATB:b35e7, Linux/ARM, RAMDisk Image (gzip), 3204472 bytes, Fri Nov 16 04:33:52 2012, Load Address: 0x00000000, Entry Point: 0x00000000, Header CRC: 0x19467C60, Data CRC: 0x04C77189
但无法提取其内容：
$ gunzip -l - < initrd.dd
gzip: stdin: not in gzip format
答案1
给出输出将会很有帮助/proc/mtd。然而，ubiattach如果最大输运量从未发生过ubiformat挤兑。 全民基本收入将寻找电子商务和视频识别标题。电子商务擦除计数器是一个用来处理的结构擦除块。 这视频识别header 是 UBI 数据结构。参见ubi-media.h定义。下面是一些可以在复制的 MTD 上运行的代码，nandread可以对全民基本收入分区。它将以某种方式失败，你的坏的设备。很可能这些设备从未被格式化。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <endian.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define __packed __attribute__((packed))
#include "ubi-media.h"
#define bswap16 be16toh
#define bswap32 be32toh
#define bswap64 be64toh
static int dump_vid = 0;
#define CRCPOLY_LE 0xedb88320
static unsigned int crc32(unsigned int crc, void const *_p, size_t len)
{
unsigned char const *p = _p;
int i;
while (len--) {
crc ^= *p++;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
crc = (crc >> 1) ^ ((crc & 1) ? CRCPOLY_LE : 0);
}
return crc;
}
#define ALEN(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]))
static void print_ec(struct ubi_ec_hdr *ec)
{
if(ec->version != UBI_VERSION || ec->magic != UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC) {
printf(" Magic: %x\n", ec->magic);
printf(" Version: %d\n", (int)ec->version);
printf(" EC: %llx\n", ec->ec);
printf(" VID offset: %x\n", ec->vid_hdr_offset);
printf(" Data offset: %x\n", ec->data_offset);
printf(" Image seq: %x\n", ec->image_seq);
exit(-1);
}
}
static void read_ec(int fd, struct ubi_ec_hdr *ec)
{
int rval = read(fd, ec,sizeof(*ec));
if(rval == sizeof(*ec)) {
unsigned int crc;
crc = crc32(UBI_CRC32_INIT, ec, UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE_CRC);
ec->magic = bswap32(ec->magic);
ec->vid_hdr_offset = bswap32(ec->vid_hdr_offset);
ec->data_offset = bswap32(ec->data_offset);
ec->image_seq = bswap32(ec->image_seq);
ec->hdr_crc = bswap32(ec->hdr_crc);
ec->ec = bswap64(ec->ec);
if(crc != ec->hdr_crc)
printf("EC CRC: %x/%x\n", crc, ec->hdr_crc);
} else
memset(ec, 0, sizeof(*ec));
}
static void print_vid(int vid_num, struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid)
{
if(vid->magic != UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC)
printf(" Magic: %x\n", vid->magic);
if(vid->version != UBI_VERSION)
printf(" Version: %d\n", (int)vid->version);
if(!dump_vid) return;
printf("VID %d\n", vid_num);
/* This is usually the same. */
if(vid->vol_id >= UBI_INTERNAL_VOL_START)
printf("Internal vol_id: %d\n", vid->vol_id - UBI_INTERNAL_VOL_START);
if(vid->vol_type != UBI_VID_DYNAMIC)
printf(" vol_type: %s\n",
vid->vol_type == UBI_VID_DYNAMIC ? "dynamic" : "static");
if(vid->used_ebs)
printf(" used_ebs: %d\n", vid->used_ebs);
if(vid->data_pad)
printf(" data_pad: %d\n", vid->data_pad);
if((vid->copy_flag != 1 && vid->data_size) ||
(vid->copy_flag == 0 && vid->data_size))
printf(" copy_flag: %d\n", (int)vid->copy_flag);
printf(" lnum: %d\n", vid->lnum);
if(vid->compat) {
const char *compat[] = {
[UBI_COMPAT_DELETE] = "delete",
[UBI_COMPAT_RO] = "ro",
[UBI_COMPAT_PRESERVE] = "preserve",
[UBI_COMPAT_REJECT] = "reject"
};
printf(" compat: %s\n", compat[vid->compat]);
}
printf(" data_size: %d\n", vid->data_size);
/* printf(" data_crc: %x\n", vid->data_crc); */
printf(" hdr_crc: %x\n", vid->hdr_crc);
printf(" sqnum: %lld\n", vid->sqnum);
}
static int read_vid(int fd, struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid)
{
int rval = read(fd, vid,sizeof(*vid));
if(rval == sizeof(*vid)) {
unsigned int crc;
crc = crc32(UBI_CRC32_INIT, vid, UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE_CRC);
vid->magic = bswap32(vid->magic);
vid->vol_id = bswap32(vid->vol_id);
vid->lnum = bswap32(vid->lnum);
vid->data_size = bswap32(vid->data_size);
vid->used_ebs = bswap32(vid->used_ebs);
vid->data_pad = bswap32(vid->data_pad);
vid->data_crc = bswap32(vid->data_crc);
vid->hdr_crc = bswap32(vid->hdr_crc);
vid->sqnum = bswap64(vid->sqnum);
if(crc != vid->hdr_crc && vid->magic == UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC)
printf("VID CRC: %x/%x\n", crc, vid->hdr_crc);
} else
memset(vid, 0, sizeof(*vid));
return rval;
}
static void print_vtbl(struct ubi_vtbl_record *vtbl)
{
printf(" Found vtbl [%d] %s\n", vtbl->name_len, vtbl->name);
printf(" Reserved PEBs: %d\n", vtbl->reserved_pebs);
printf(" Align: %d\n", vtbl->alignment);
printf(" Pad: %d\n", vtbl->data_pad);
if(vtbl->vol_type != UBI_VID_DYNAMIC)
printf(" vol_type: %s\n",
vtbl->vol_type == UBI_VID_DYNAMIC ? "dynamic" : "static");
printf(" Update: %d\n", vtbl->upd_marker);
printf(" Flags: %d\n", (int)vtbl->flags);
}
static void read_vtbl(int fd, struct ubi_vtbl_record *vtbl)
{
int rval = read(fd, vtbl, sizeof(*vtbl));
if(rval == sizeof(*vtbl)) {
vtbl->reserved_pebs = bswap32(vtbl->reserved_pebs);
vtbl->alignment = bswap32(vtbl->alignment);
vtbl->data_pad = bswap32(vtbl->data_pad);
vtbl->crc = bswap32(vtbl->crc);
vtbl->name_len = bswap16(vtbl->name_len);
} else
memset(vtbl, 0, sizeof(*vtbl));
}
static void print_fm_sb(struct ubi_fm_sb *fm_sb)
{
int i;
if(fm_sb->magic != UBI_FM_SB_MAGIC)
printf(" Magic: %x\n", fm_sb->magic);
if(fm_sb->version != UBI_VERSION)
printf(" Version: %d\n", (int)fm_sb->version);
printf(" data_crc: %x\n", fm_sb->data_crc);
printf(" used_blocks: %x\n", fm_sb->used_blocks);
for(i = 0; i < fm_sb->used_blocks; i++)
printf(" block_loc[%d]: %d\n", i, fm_sb->block_loc[i]);
for(i=0; i < fm_sb->used_blocks; i++)
printf(" block_ec[%d]: %d\n", i, fm_sb->block_ec[i]);
printf(" sqnum: %lld\n", fm_sb->sqnum);
}
static void read_fm_sb(int fd, struct ubi_fm_sb *fm_sb)
{
int rval = read(fd, fm_sb, sizeof(*fm_sb));
if(rval == sizeof(*fm_sb)) {
int i;
fm_sb->magic = bswap32(fm_sb->magic);
fm_sb->data_crc = bswap32(fm_sb->data_crc);
fm_sb->used_blocks = bswap32(fm_sb->used_blocks);
for(i=0; i < UBI_FM_MAX_BLOCKS; i++)
fm_sb->block_loc[i] = bswap32(fm_sb->block_loc[i]);
for(i=0; i < UBI_FM_MAX_BLOCKS; i++)
fm_sb->block_ec[i] = bswap32(fm_sb->block_ec[i]);
fm_sb->sqnum = bswap64(fm_sb->sqnum);
} else
memset(fm_sb, 0, sizeof(*fm_sb));
}
/* Set logical block at physical. */
static int eba_map[1920];
static int pba_map[1920];
static void usage(char *name)
{
printf("Usage: %s -b [erase block size] -e -v <ubi file> \n", name);
printf("Where,\n -e is dump the logic to physical block map.\n");
printf(" -v is dump the VID headers.\n");
printf(" -b [size] sets the erase block size (flash dependent).\n");
}
typedef struct fastmap {
struct ubi_fm_sb fm_sb;
struct ubi_fm_hdr hdr;
struct ubi_fm_scan_pool pool1;
struct ubi_fm_scan_pool pool2;
/* Free, Used, Scrub and Erase */
struct ubi_fm_ec ec[0];
/* ... */
/* struct ubi_fm_volhdr vol; */
/* struct ubi_fm_eba eba[0]; */
} fastmap;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd, i, erase_block = 0, eba_flag = 0;
int c;
struct ubi_ec_hdr ec;
struct ubi_vid_hdr vid;
int erase_size = 0x20000;
int leb_size;
off_t cur_ec = 0;
int vidless_blocks = 0;
while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "hveb:")) != -1)
switch (c)
{
case 'h': /* Help */
usage(argv[0]);
goto out;
case 'b':
erase_size = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'e':
eba_flag = 1;
break;
case 'v':
dump_vid = 1;
break;
case '?':
if (optopt == 'b')
fprintf (stderr, "Option -%c requires"
" an argument.\n", optopt);
else if (isprint (optopt))
fprintf (stderr, "Unknown option `-%c'.\n", optopt);
else
fprintf (stderr,
"Unknown option character `\\x%x'.\n",
optopt);
return 1;
default:
goto out;
}
if(optind >= argc) {
usage(argv[0]);
goto out;
}
fd = open(argv[optind], O_RDONLY);
if(fd < 0) {
printf("Bad file: %s\n", argv[1]);
goto out;
}
memset(eba_map, -1, sizeof(eba_map));
memset(pba_map, -1, sizeof(pba_map));
/* Process each 'erase block'. */
read_ec(fd,&ec);
while(ec.magic == UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC) {
leb_size = erase_size - ec.data_offset;
print_ec(&ec);
/* VID present? */
if(lseek(fd, ec.vid_hdr_offset-sizeof(ec), SEEK_CUR) == -1) {
printf("Seek error: %s\n", argv[1]);
goto out;
}
if(read_vid(fd,&vid) != sizeof(vid)) {
printf("File too small: %s\n", argv[1]);
goto out;
}
if(vid.magic == UBI_VID_HDR_MAGIC) {
print_vid(erase_block, &vid);
if(vid.vol_id == 3) {
if(eba_map[vid.lnum] != -1)
printf("EBA dup: %d %d\n", eba_map[vid.lnum], erase_block);
eba_map[vid.lnum] = erase_block;
}
pba_map[erase_block] = vid.lnum;
/* Read volume table. */
if(vid.vol_id == UBI_INTERNAL_VOL_START) {
/* Seek to PEB data offset. */
if(lseek(fd,
ec.data_offset - ec.vid_hdr_offset - sizeof(vid),
SEEK_CUR) == -1)
printf("Seek error: %s\n", argv[1]);
else {
int i;
struct ubi_vtbl_record vtbl;
for(i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_VOLUMES; i++) {
read_vtbl(fd, &vtbl);
if(vtbl.reserved_pebs ||
vtbl.name_len ||
strcmp((char*)vtbl.name, "") != 0) {
printf("VTBL %d\n", i);
print_vtbl(&vtbl);
}
}
}
} else if(vid.vol_id == UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID) {
printf("Found Fastmap super block @PEB %d.\n", erase_block);
if(lseek(fd,
ec.data_offset - ec.vid_hdr_offset - sizeof(vid),
SEEK_CUR) == -1)
printf("Seek error: %s\n", argv[1]);
else {
void *data = alloca(leb_size);
struct ubi_fm_sb *fm_sb = data;
read_fm_sb(fd, data);
print_fm_sb(fm_sb);
}
} else if(vid.vol_id == UBI_FM_DATA_VOLUME_ID) {
printf("Found Fastmap data block @PEB %d.\n", erase_block);
printf("UNSUPPORTED!!!\n");
}
} else if(vid.magic != 0xffffffff){
printf("VID %d corrupt! %x\n", erase_block, vid.magic);
} else {
vidless_blocks++;
}
erase_block++;
cur_ec += erase_size;
cur_ec = lseek(fd, cur_ec, SEEK_SET);
/* Process Erase counter. */
read_ec(fd,&ec);
}
printf("Found %d vidless (free) blocks.\n", vidless_blocks);
if(eba_flag) {
printf("Logical to physical.\n");
for(i = 0; i < ALEN(eba_map); i+=8)
printf("%4d: %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d"
" %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d\n", i,
eba_map[i], eba_map[i+1],
eba_map[i+2], eba_map[i+3],
eba_map[i+4], eba_map[i+5],
eba_map[i+6], eba_map[i+7],
eba_map[i+8], eba_map[i+9],
eba_map[i+10], eba_map[i+11],
eba_map[i+12], eba_map[i+13],
eba_map[i+14], eba_map[i+15]);
printf("Physical to logical.\n");
for(i = 0; i < ALEN(pba_map); i+=8)
printf("%4d: %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d"
" %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d\n", i,
pba_map[i], pba_map[i+1],
pba_map[i+2], pba_map[i+3],
pba_map[i+4], pba_map[i+5],
pba_map[i+6], pba_map[i+7],
pba_map[i+8], pba_map[i+9],
pba_map[i+10], pba_map[i+11],
pba_map[i+12], pba_map[i+13],
pba_map[i+14], pba_map[i+15]);
}
out:
return 0;
}
使用类似这样的命令进行编译gcc -Wall -g -o parse_ubi parse_ubi.c。您需要复制ubi-media.h来自 Linux 内核目录，其中包含偏移定义电子商务和视频识别结构。如果您已使用 格式化设备ubiformat，则可能存在一些mtd 驱动程序问题。此代码可能有助于诊断。