注意 - 在投票否决之前，请建议如何改进我的问题。谢谢。
目标是尝试让我的 SSD 再次工作。我本想使用 GParted 对其进行格式化，但出现一条消息“写入 /dev/sdc 期间出现输入/输出错误”。如果我用 GParted 检查它，我会得到以下输出。接下来做什么？
GParted 0.25.0 --enable-libparted-dmraid --enable-online-resize
Libparted 3.2
Check and repair file system (ext4) on /dev/sdc5 00:04:36 ( ERROR )
calibrate /dev/sdc5 00:00:01 ( SUCCESS )
path: /dev/sdc5 (partition)
start: 35158016
end: 480663551
size: 445505536 (212.43 GiB)
check file system on /dev/sdc5 for errors and (if possible) fix them 00:04:35 ( ERROR )
e2fsck -f -y -v -C 0 /dev/sdc5 00:04:35 ( ERROR )
/dev/sdc5: recovering journal
Superblock needs_recovery flag is clear, but journal has data.
Run journal anyway? yes
/dev/sdc5: ********** WARNING: Filesystem still has errors **********
e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
e2fsck: Unknown code ____ 251 while recovering journal of /dev/sdc5
e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/sdc5
========================================
Check and repair file system (ext4) on /dev/sdc1
========================================
此外，“fsck”命令给出：
fsck -c /dev/sdc1
fsck from util-linux 2.29.2
e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
/dev/sdc1: recovering journal
Superblock needs_recovery flag is clear, but journal has data.
Run journal anyway<y>? yes
fsck.ext4: Unknown code ____ 251 while recovering journal of /dev/sdc1
fsck.ext4: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/sdc1
/dev/sdc1: ********** WARNING: Filesystem still has errors **********
GSmartControl 0.8.7 没有给出错误：
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-8-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: INTEL SSDSC2KF256H6 SATA 256GB
Serial Number: CVLT643301NS256HGN
LU WWN Device Id: 5 5cd2e4 14d23971b
Firmware Version: LBFD07N
User Capacity: 256,060,514,304 bytes [256 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Sep 4 23:45:13 2018 MSK
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x02) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x53) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 15) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x0039) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 257
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 088 088 010 Pre-fail Always - 271
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 219
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 942
170 Unknown_Attribute 0x0033 091 091 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
174 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 60
175 Program_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
176 Erase_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0033 095 095 005 Pre-fail Always - 26873
178 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Chip 0x0033 011 011 010 Pre-fail Always - 87
179 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0033 092 092 010 Pre-fail Always - 271
180 Unused_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0033 091 091 010 Pre-fail Always - 2754
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 23
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0033 100 100 090 Pre-fail Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 135
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0032 035 051 000 Old_age Always - 35 (Min/Max 10/51)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x0032 083 083 000 Old_age Always - 579827802372
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 8
225 Unknown_SSD_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 52506
226 Unknown_SSD_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
227 Unknown_SSD_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
228 Power-off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
232 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0033 091 091 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
233 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 0
236 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 0
238 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 0
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 52506
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 217489
249 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2413
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 219 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 219 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
...
178 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Chip 0x0033 011 011 010 Pre-fail Always - 87
该值距离 SMART 预测故障指示仅一步之遥。如果互联网上对该值的描述是正确的，则这意味着 SSD 上最差的芯片有 87 个块已被标记为不可用。与属性 #179 相比，到目前为止，该芯片几乎占已替换为备件的坏块总数的三分之一。
（据我所知，RAW_VALUE 是实际值，VALUE 是缩放后的值，越大=越好。当该属性不再高于相应的 THRESHold 值时，会发出故障前 SMART 错误。）
除此之外，您在写入操作中看到错误这一事实dmesg表明，该 SSD 性能不佳。从技术上讲，它可能还没有死亡，但也可能离我们不远了。