为了让我的 Ryzen 集成 GPU 正常工作，并最终尝试将屏幕分辨率设置为 1024x768 以上，我的理解我至少需要 Linux 4.15。
我使用的是 Debian Stretch，版本为 4.9。所以我听说了“向后移植”（https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/）并被告知添加以下行：
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main
到 /etc/apt/sources.list。我已经做到了这一点，并且我已经跑步了apt-get update。
这使得 4.17 内核映像 (linux-image-4.17.0-0.bpo.3-amd64) 在包管理器中可用，我很高兴地安装了它，并且内核启动并运行良好。
下一条错误消息是：
[drm:amdgpu_pci_probe [amdgpu]] *ERROR* amdgpu requires firmware installed
See https://wiki.debian.org/Firmware for information about missing firmware
好的.....所以需要升级内核固件包也到向后移植的版本。
我被困在这里了。
我在 Synaptic 中看不到任何固件包的向后移植版本。 Debian 向后移植说明页面建议使用-tapt-get 的 (target?) 参数来选择向后移植存储库或其他任何内容，但它没有带来任何成功。
这是我正在运行的命令：
root@debian:~# apt-get -t stretch-backports install firmware-linux
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package firmware-linux is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
firmware-misc-nonfree
E: Package 'firmware-linux' has no installation candidate
root@debian:~# apt-get -t stretch-backports install firmware-linux-nonfree
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package firmware-linux-nonfree is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
firmware-misc-nonfree
E: Package 'firmware-linux-nonfree' has no installation candidate
root@debian:~# apt-get -t stretch-backports install firmware-misc-nonfree
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
firmware-misc-nonfree is already the newest version (20161130-3)
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded
root@debian:~# apt-get -t stretch-backports install firmware-linux-free
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
firmware-linux-free is already the newest version (3.4)
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded
我不知道我尝试安装的哪个软件包是我真正想要的，但重点是没有看到它们中的任何一个。但我知道他们存在，因为它们已在线列出：https://packages.debian.org/stretch-backports/firmware-linux（版本：20180518-1~bpo9+1）。
从昨晚起我就一直试图说服阿普特承认这个事实，但没有成功。
我的sources.list 中的行是：
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ stretch/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ stretch/updates main
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ stretch-backports main
答案1
这firmware-linux是一个non-free软件。您应该将非免费添加到您的网址中。
编辑你的/etc/apt/sources.list如下：
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
### backports###
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
要从向后移植安装包：
apt update
apt -t stretch-backports install firmware-linux