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升级到 Debian 测试后 PulseAudio 无法识别 Intel HDA (Buster)

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升级到 Debian 测试后 PulseAudio 无法识别 Intel HDA (Buster)

从 Debian 9 稳定版升级到 Debian 10 测试后的整个夏天，我注意到一个问题：PulseAudio 不再识别我的 Intel HDA 音频设备。当时我能够切换到通过 nVidia HDMI 连接的显示器音频，所以我回避了这个问题，希望未来的更新能够解决它。他们没有。几个月过去了，我重新安排了工作空间，现在需要让英特尔 HDA 再次工作。

这是我到目前为止所看到的......

Debian 10 测试

内核看到它：

# dmesg | grep HDA
[  +0.005509] input: HDA Intel PCH Front Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input17
[  +0.000073] input: HDA Intel PCH Rear Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input18
[  +0.000057] input: HDA Intel PCH Line as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input19
[  +0.000054] input: HDA Intel PCH Line Out Front as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input20
[  +0.000052] input: HDA Intel PCH Line Out Surround as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input21
[  +0.000051] input: HDA Intel PCH Line Out CLFE as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input22
[  +0.000053] input: HDA Intel PCH Line Out Side as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input23
[  +0.000058] input: HDA Intel PCH Front Headphone as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input24
[followed by NVidia HDMI audio devices that are recognized]

# lspci -nnk | grep -A2 Audio
00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller [8086:1e20] (rev 04)
    Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller [1458:a002]
    Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
    Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
[followed by NVidia HDMI audio devices that are recognized]

ALSA 看到了：

# aplay -l

**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: Generic Analog [Generic Analog]
  Subdevices: 0/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 1: Generic Digital [Generic Digital]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
[followed by NVidia HDMI audio devices that are recognized]

# aplay -L | grep PCH
default:CARD=PCH
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
sysdefault:CARD=PCH
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
front:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
surround21:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
surround40:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
surround41:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
surround50:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
surround51:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
surround71:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
iec958:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Digital
dmix:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
dmix:CARD=PCH,DEV=1
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Digital
dsnoop:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
dsnoop:CARD=PCH,DEV=1
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Digital
hw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
hw:CARD=PCH,DEV=1
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Digital
plughw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Analog
plughw:CARD=PCH,DEV=1
    HDA Intel PCH, Generic Digital

扬声器测试正常播放音频，就像 aplay -D 默认值：CARD=PCH /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Left.wav

但是 PulseAudio 根本看不到该设备：

$ pacmd list-sinks
1 sink(s) available.
  * index: 0
    name: <auto_null>
    driver: <module-null-sink.c>
    flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
    state: SUSPENDED
    suspend cause: IDLE
    priority: 1000
    volume: front-left: 55705 /  85% / -4.24 dB,   front-right: 55705 /  85% / -4.24 dB
            balance 0.00
    base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
    volume steps: 65537
    muted: no
    current latency: 0.00 ms
    max request: 344 KiB
    max rewind: 344 KiB
    monitor source: 0
    sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
    channel map: front-left,front-right
                 Stereo
    used by: 0
    linked by: 0
    configured latency: 0.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms
    module: 16
    properties:
        device.description = "Dummy Output"
        device.class = "abstract"
        device.icon_name = "audio-card"

当我进入声音设置时，我看到的只是虚拟输出设备。 （此处不再列出 nVidia 设备，因为在重新排列时，我使用的是另一台没有音频的显示器，因此当前没有连接 HDMI 音频设备。）

我尝试清除 PulseAudio 配置，认为我可能有一些遗留问题：

rm ~/.pulse/* ~/.config/pulse/*

Debian 9 稳定版

我在这台机器上还有另一个分区，它仍在运行 Debian 9 稳定版本，其中 Intel HDA 在 PulseAudio 下工作，并且 ALSA 驱动程序与 Debian 10 之间确实存在差异，因此下面是我注意到的差异...

# aplay -l

**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC887-VD Analog [ALC887-VD Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 1: ALC887-VD Digital [ALC887-VD Digital]
  Subdevices: 0/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

# aplay -L | grep PCH

sysdefault:CARD=PCH
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
front:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
surround21:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
surround40:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
surround41:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
surround50:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
surround51:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
surround71:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
iec958:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Digital
dmix:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
dmix:CARD=PCH,DEV=1
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Digital
dsnoop:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
dsnoop:CARD=PCH,DEV=1
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Digital
hw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
hw:CARD=PCH,DEV=1
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Digital
plughw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog
plughw:CARD=PCH,DEV=1
    HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Digital

当然，Debian 9 在 PulseAudio 中看到了 Intel HDA：

$ pacmd list-sinks
1 sink(s) available.
  * index: 2
    name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.iec958-stereo>
    driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
    flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY FLAT_VOLUME DYNAMIC_LATENCY
    state: RUNNING
    suspend cause: 
    priority: 9958
    volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB,   front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
            balance 0.00
    base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
    volume steps: 65537
    muted: no
    current latency: 24.26 ms
    max request: 4 KiB
    max rewind: 344 KiB
    monitor source: 3
    sample spec: s16le 2ch 48000Hz
    channel map: front-left,front-right
                 Stereo
    used by: 1
    linked by: 1
    configured latency: 25.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 1837.50 ms
    card: 1 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0>
    module: 7
    properties:
        alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
        device.api = "alsa"
        device.class = "sound"
        alsa.class = "generic"
        alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
        alsa.name = "ALC887-VD Digital"
        alsa.id = "ALC887-VD Digital"
        alsa.subdevice = "0"
        alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
        alsa.device = "1"
        alsa.card = "0"
        alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
        alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xf5130000 irq 30"
        alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
        device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
        sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
        device.bus = "pci"
        device.vendor.id = "8086"
        device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
        device.product.id = "1e20"
        device.product.name = "7 Series/C216 Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller"
        device.form_factor = "internal"
        device.string = "iec958:0"
        device.buffering.buffer_size = "352800"
        device.buffering.fragment_size = "176400"
        device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
        device.profile.name = "iec958-stereo"
        device.profile.description = "Digital Stereo (IEC958)"
        device.description = "Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (IEC958)"
        alsa.mixer_name = "Realtek ALC887-VD"
        alsa.components = "HDA:10ec0887,1458a002,00100302"
        module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
        device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
    ports:
        iec958-stereo-output: Digital Output (S/PDIF) (priority 0, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
            properties:

    active port: <iec958-stereo-output>

所以问题很明显：如何让 Intel HDA 音频在 Debian 10 的 PulseAudio 中再次工作？从配置的角度来看，这是我可以修复的问题，还是需要 ALSA 或 PulseAudio 维护人员修复的驱动程序问题？

答案1

由于同样的问题，我最终来到这里，从 Stretch 升级后，音频消失了。类似的症状和输出（Nvidia 卡和 Intel HDA 声音）。但是，在按照说明进行操作时，我发现我无法执行此步骤：

root@desk:~# aplay -D plughw:0,0 /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav
aplay: main:828: audio open error: Device or resource busy

我发现罪魁祸首就是胆怯：

root@desk:~# fuser -v /dev/snd/*
                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p:   timidity   1274 F...m timidity
/dev/snd/seq:        timidity   1274 F.... timidity

一旦我杀死了它，我就可以继续编辑/etc/pulse/default.pa，一切都已就位。我仍然不确定问题是否在于缺少 PA 水槽或胆怯接管。

我也考虑过提交错误报告，但我不确定哪里更合适。如果您有任何建议，我将很乐意遵循您的建议并在报告中添加我的支持。

感谢您分享解决方案！

答案2

我刚刚遇到了这个问题，卸载 Timidity 解决了它。从字面上看，当软件包被 apt 删除时，我看到一条通知，显示我有一个声卡（解释为音量变化）。

答案3

如果其他人遇到这个问题，这里有一个解决方法来强制 PulseAudio 使用 ALSA 设备......

首先，通过 ALSA 直接播放一些音频，确认您知道所需的正确声卡和设备：

aplay -D plughw:<CARD#>,<DEVICE#> /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav

就我而言，我想要光纤音频输出，因此根据我的aplay -l输出，如上面的问题所示，它是：

aplay -D plughw:0,1 /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav

记下卡和设备编号并添加一个条目/etc/pulse/default.pa（将 0,1 替换为上一步中适合您的值）：

load-module module-alsa-sink device=plughw:0,1

我在之前添加了这一行.ifexists 模块-udev-detect.so文件中的行（即在### 静态加载音频驱动程序评论）

然后以桌面会话登录的用户身份运行以下命令（即不是作为根）：

pulseaudio --kill
pulseaudio --start

然后您应该能够打开声音设置来查看并选择该卡：

在此输入图像描述

此时，您应该可以再次通过 PulseAudio 进行音频播放。 （我注意到的一点是，这pacmd list-cards将仍然即使它现在可以工作，也不要列出该卡）提醒：这是一种解决方法，而不是长期修复，因此请务必记下自己，以便在将来的某个时候撤消此操作，看看它是否已正确修复。但它暂时可以使音频正常工作。

答案4

从 debian 9 升级到 debian 10 后，我只有一个虚拟接收器并且没有任何音频

aplay -l失败，报告打开 99-pulse.conf 错误

我/etc/alsa/conf.d/99-pulse.conf使用 Xubuntu 安装中的内容创建：

# PulseAudio alsa plugin configuration file to set the pulseaudio plugin as
# default output for applications using alsa when pulseaudio is running.
hook_func.pulse_load_if_running {
    lib "libasound_module_conf_pulse.so"
    func "conf_pulse_hook_load_if_running"
}

@hooks [
    {
        func pulse_load_if_running
        files [
            "/usr/share/alsa/pulse-alsa.conf"
        ]
        errors false
    }
]

这解决了我的问题

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