我的系统版本是Ubuntu 13.10 64位。
我在 Rails 应用程序中设置 PostgreSQL 时遇到了这个问题。
我第一次运行它rake db:migrate并显示一个错误：
-- enable_extension("hstore")
rake aborted!
StandardError: An error has occurred, this and all later migrations canceled:
PG::UndefinedFile: ERROR: could not open extension control file "/usr/share/postgresql/9.1/extension/hstore.control": No such file or directory
: CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "hstore"/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/rack-mini-profiler-0.9.1/lib/patches/sql_patches.rb:160:in `exec'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/rack-mini-profiler-0.9.1/lib/patches/sql_patches.rb:160:in `async_exec'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:815:in `block in exec_no_cache'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:373:in `block in log'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:367:in `log'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:815:in `exec_no_cache'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:137:in `exec_query'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:663:in `enable_extension'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:649:in `block in method_missing'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:621:in `block in say_with_time'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:621:in `say_with_time'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:641:in `method_missing'
/home/user/rails/bdfzer-sso/db/migrate/20140405014358_set_up_hstore.rb:3:in `change'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:595:in `exec_migration'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:579:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:578:in `block in migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:294:in `with_connection'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:577:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:752:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:992:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1038:in `block in ddl_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:211:in `block in transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:219:in `within_new_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:211:in `transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:208:in `transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1038:in `ddl_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:991:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:953:in `block in migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:949:in `each'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:949:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:807:in `up'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:785:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:34:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: PG::UndefinedFile: ERROR: could not open extension control file "/usr/share/postgresql/9.1/extension/hstore.control": No such file or directory
: CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "hstore"
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/rack-mini-profiler-0.9.1/lib/patches/sql_patches.rb:160:in `exec'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/rack-mini-profiler-0.9.1/lib/patches/sql_patches.rb:160:in `async_exec'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:815:in `block in exec_no_cache'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:373:in `block in log'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:367:in `log'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:815:in `exec_no_cache'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:137:in `exec_query'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:663:in `enable_extension'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:649:in `block in method_missing'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:621:in `block in say_with_time'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:621:in `say_with_time'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:641:in `method_missing'
/home/user/rails/bdfzer-sso/db/migrate/20140405014358_set_up_hstore.rb:3:in `change'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:595:in `exec_migration'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:579:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:578:in `block in migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:294:in `with_connection'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:577:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:752:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:992:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1038:in `block in ddl_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:211:in `block in transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:219:in `within_new_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:211:in `transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:208:in `transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1038:in `ddl_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:991:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:953:in `block in migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:949:in `each'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:949:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:807:in `up'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:785:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:34:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
PG::UndefinedFile: ERROR: could not open extension control file "/usr/share/postgresql/9.1/extension/hstore.control": No such file or directory
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/rack-mini-profiler-0.9.1/lib/patches/sql_patches.rb:160:in `exec'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/rack-mini-profiler-0.9.1/lib/patches/sql_patches.rb:160:in `async_exec'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:815:in `block in exec_no_cache'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:373:in `block in log'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:367:in `log'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:815:in `exec_no_cache'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:137:in `exec_query'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:663:in `enable_extension'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:649:in `block in method_missing'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:621:in `block in say_with_time'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:621:in `say_with_time'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:641:in `method_missing'
/home/user/rails/bdfzer-sso/db/migrate/20140405014358_set_up_hstore.rb:3:in `change'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:595:in `exec_migration'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:579:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:578:in `block in migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:294:in `with_connection'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:577:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:752:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:992:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1038:in `block in ddl_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:211:in `block in transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:219:in `within_new_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:211:in `transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:208:in `transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1038:in `ddl_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:991:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:953:in `block in migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:949:in `each'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:949:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:807:in `up'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/migration.rb:785:in `migrate'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:34:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
经过一番搜索，我在 SO 上找到了一篇帖子，表明我可以运行
sudo apt-get install postgresql-contrib-9.1
但我得到的是
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package postgresql-contrib-9.1 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
postgresql-9.1
E: Package 'postgresql-contrib-9.1' has no installation candidate