我最近安装了 Ubuntu 18.04 并安装了 NVIDIA 驱动程序，但它们似乎没有加载。
我必须对我的 grub 文件进行以下编辑，才能按照以下方式正确启动这个小指南。
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nouveau.modeset=0 tpm_tis.interrupts=0 acpi_osi=Linux i915.preliminary_hw_support=1 idle=nomwait"
这是我的命令输出当前给出的内容：
$ nvidia-smi
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.
$ nvidia-settings
ERROR: NVIDIA driver is not loaded
ERROR: Error querying enabled displays on GPU 0 (Missing Extension)
$ name -r
4.15.0-38-generic
$ lshw -c display
WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.
*-display UNCLAIMED
description: VGA compatible controller
product: GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:0a:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: vga_controller cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f4000000-f4ffffff memory:60000000-6fffffff memory:70000000-71ffffff ioport:a000(size=128) memory:f5000000-f507ffff
*-display UNCLAIMED
description: VGA compatible controller
product: GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:09:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: vga_controller cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f6000000-f6ffffff memory:80000000-8fffffff memory:90000000-91ffffff ioport:b000(size=128) memory:f7000000-f707ffff
*-display UNCLAIMED
description: VGA compatible controller
product: GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:06:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: vga_controller cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f8000000-f8ffffff memory:a0000000-afffffff memory:b0000000-b1ffffff ioport:c000(size=128) memory:f9000000-f907ffff
*-display UNCLAIMED
description: VGA compatible controller
product: GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:fa000000-faffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:d000(size=128) memory:c0000-dffff
WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.
$ lspci | grep -i nvidia
05:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] (rev a1)
05:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
06:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] (rev a1)
06:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] (rev a1)
09:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
0a:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] (rev a1)
0a:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
$ lsmod
Module Size Used by
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 49152 4
nls_iso8859_1 16384 1
input_leds 16384 0
intel_rapl 20480 0
eeepc_wmi 16384 0
asus_wmi 28672 1 eeepc_wmi
sparse_keymap 16384 1 asus_wmi
video 45056 1 asus_wmi
mxm_wmi 16384 0
wmi_bmof 16384 0
x86_pkg_temp_thermal 16384 0
intel_powerclamp 16384 0
intel_wmi_thunderbolt 16384 0
coretemp 16384 0
snd_hda_codec_realtek 106496 1
snd_hda_codec_generic 73728 1 snd_hda_codec_realtek
kvm 598016 0
irqbypass 16384 1 kvm
snd_seq_midi 16384 0
crct10dif_pclmul 16384 0
crc32_pclmul 16384 0
snd_seq_midi_event 16384 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_hda_intel 40960 7
ghash_clmulni_intel 16384 0
pcbc 16384 0
snd_rawmidi 32768 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_hda_codec 126976 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_realtek
snd_hda_core 81920 5 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek
snd_hwdep 20480 1 snd_hda_codec
snd_pcm 98304 4 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core
snd_seq 65536 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event
snd_seq_device 16384 3 snd_seq,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi
aesni_intel 188416 0
snd_timer 32768 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm
aes_x86_64 20480 1 aesni_intel
crypto_simd 16384 1 aesni_intel
glue_helper 16384 1 aesni_intel
snd 81920 25 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi
cryptd 24576 3 crypto_simd,ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel
mei_me 40960 0
lpc_ich 24576 0
intel_cstate 20480 0
soundcore 16384 1 snd
intel_rapl_perf 16384 0
shpchp 36864 0
mei 90112 1 mei_me
joydev 24576 0
wmi 24576 4 intel_wmi_thunderbolt,asus_wmi,wmi_bmof,mxm_wmi
mac_hid 16384 0
sch_fq_codel 20480 6
parport_pc 36864 0
ppdev 20480 0
lp 20480 0
parport 49152 3 parport_pc,lp,ppdev
ip_tables 28672 0
x_tables 40960 1 ip_tables
autofs4 40960 2
hid_generic 16384 0
usbhid 49152 0
hid 118784 2 usbhid,hid_generic
drm_kms_helper 172032 0
syscopyarea 16384 1 drm_kms_helper
sysfillrect 16384 1 drm_kms_helper
igb 212992 0
sysimgblt 16384 1 drm_kms_helper
fb_sys_fops 16384 1 drm_kms_helper
e1000e 249856 0
dca 16384 1 igb
drm 401408 1 drm_kms_helper
i2c_algo_bit 16384 1 igb
ahci 36864 2
ptp 20480 2 igb,e1000e
pps_core 20480 1 ptp
libahci 32768 1 ahci
ipmi_devintf 20480 0
ipmi_msghandler 53248 1 ipmi_devintf
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall我按照以下方式安装了驱动程序本指南
编辑：这里还有一些命令输出：
$ dpkg --get-selections | grep nvidia-driver-
nvidia-driver-390 install
$ lsmod | grep nvidia
<blank>
$ ls /lib/modules/*/updates/dkms/nvidia.ko
/lib/modules/4.15.0-38-generic/updates/dkms/nvidia.ko
答案1
我最近遇到了同样的问题。为了让它发挥作用，我所做的是：
- 通过 synaptic 删除了所有 nvidia 软件包（也许就足够了
sudo apt purge nvidia*） - 重新启动电脑
- 安装 nvidia-drivers-396 （在您的情况下 nvidia-driver-390）
- 重新启动电脑
- 执行：
sudo prime-select nvidiasudo prime-select intelsudo prime-select nvidia
- 注销（重新启动应该做同样的事情）并且它正在工作。