我并不是 Ubuntu/Linux 的新用户，但我仍然还是一名新手。
我也不能 100% 确定需要什么信息（和/或如何获取），所以请告诉我我遗漏了什么。
我的问题是，有时在启动时，GRUB 启动后，它会闪烁几次，然后进入空白/黑屏。显示屏明明亮着，却什么也没显示。没有光标，什么也没有。它将要播放启动声音，但我必须强制关机然后完全重新打开才能登录。
我觉得这很奇怪，因为我有一台很旧的笔记本电脑（富士通 Lifebook），它有许多其他问题，但我从来没有遇到过这个问题。
我还注意到，Ubuntu 显然正在经历的标准启动过程并没有显示出来。据我所知，启动过程中会显示一个启动画面 - 我从来没有看到过它。在 grub 之后，我总是看到一个闪烁的黑屏。最终，它通常会加载到一个带有光标的空白屏幕，然后是登录屏幕。其他时候，显示的是空白的黑屏。
我从睡眠模式恢复后没有看到这种情况发生。这种情况似乎只发生在我启动时。
我有 Windows 10 双启动系统，但我不确定这是否有任何相关性。另外，我很抱歉文章太长，但我不知道如何将所有 LSHW 结果放入本文中它们自己的单独滚动窗口中。
- 内核：3.16.0-46 通用（但自从我第一次安装以来就一直发生这种情况 - 一个多月前）
- 处理器：AMD A8-6410 APU，配备 4 个 AMD Radeon R5 显卡
- 内存：4.7 GB
- 硬盘：191.6 GB
- 显卡：Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD/ATI) Mullins [带有 R2 Graphics 的 Radeon APU A4-6000]
LSHW 结果：
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.8 dmi-2.8 vsyscall32
configuration: boot=normal chassis=notebook family=IDEAPAD sku=LENOVO_MT_80E3_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo G50-45 uuid=81D08D9D-AB5C-11E4-A961-68F7287EB96A
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: Lancer 5B2
vendor: LENOVO
physical id: 0
version: 31900058 WIN
serial: PF07A2FU
slot: Base Board Chassis Location
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: LENOVO
physical id: 0
version: A2CN27WW(V1.09)
date: 12/12/2014
size: 128KiB
capacity: 8128KiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int9keyboard int10video acpi usb uefi
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: AMD A8-6410 APU with AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
physical id: 4
bus info: cpu@0
version: AMD A8-6410 APU with AMD Radeon R5 Graphics
serial: NotSupport
slot: Socket FT3b
size: 1600MHz
capacity: 2GHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 100MHz
capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc extd_apicid aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt topoext perfctr_nb perfctr_l2 arat cpb xsaveopt hw_pstate npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold vmmcall bmi1 cpufreq
configuration: cores=4 enabledcores=4 threads=4
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 8
slot: L1 Cache
size: 256KiB
capacity: 256KiB
clock: 1GHz (1.0ns)
capabilities: pipeline-burst internal write-back unified
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: 9
slot: L2 Cache
size: 2MiB
capacity: 2MiB
clock: 1GHz (1.0ns)
capabilities: pipeline-burst internal write-back unified
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 20
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 6GiB
*-bank:0
description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
product: HMT451S6AFR8A-PB
vendor: Hynix
physical id: 0
serial: 0262F9CC
slot: DIMM 0
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 800MHz (1.2ns)
*-bank:1
description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
product: HMT425S6AFR6A-PB
vendor: Hynix
physical id: 1
serial: 102892A8
slot: DIMM 1
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 800MHz (1.2ns)
*-pci:0
description: Host bridge
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Mullins [Radeon APU A4-6000 with R2 Graphics]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 1
bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=radeon latency=0
resources: irq:81 memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f0000000-f07fffff ioport:4000(size=256) memory:f0c00000-f0c3ffff memory:f0800000-f081ffff
*-multimedia:0
description: Audio device
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 1.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:01.1
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
resources: irq:84 memory:f0c60000-f0c63fff
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: Family 16h Processor Functions 5:1
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 2.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.3
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm pciexpress msi ht normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:72 ioport:3000(size=4096) memory:f0b00000-f0bfffff ioport:f0d00000(size=2097152)
*-network
description: Wireless interface
product: RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
logical name: wlan0
version: 00
serial: 2c:33:7a:4c:04:e1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rtl8723be driverversion=3.16.0-46-generic firmware=N/A ip=10.0.0.20 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn
resources: irq:32 ioport:3000(size=256) memory:f0b00000-f0b03fff
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: Family 16h Processor Functions 5:1
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 2.4
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.4
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm pciexpress msi ht normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:73 ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:f0a00000-f0afffff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
logical name: eth0
version: 10
serial: 68:f7:28:7e:b9:6a
size: 10Mbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half firmware=rtl8168g-3_0.0.1 04/23/13 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s
resources: irq:80 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:f0a04000-f0a04fff memory:f0a00000-f0a03fff
*-generic:0
description: Encryption controller
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 8
bus info: pci@0000:00:08.0
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msix ht pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=AMD Cryptographic Coprocessor latency=0
resources: irq:0 memory:f0c40000-f0c5ffff memory:f0900000-f09fffff memory:f0c70000-f0c70fff memory:f0c6a000-f0c6bfff
*-usb:0
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB XHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 10
bus info: pci@0000:00:10.0
version: 11
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi msix pciexpress xhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:18 memory:f0c68000-f0c69fff
*-storage
description: SATA controller
product: FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 11
bus info: pci@0000:00:11.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: storage pm msi ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ahci latency=64
resources: irq:79 ioport:4118(size=8) ioport:4124(size=4) ioport:4110(size=8) ioport:4120(size=4) ioport:4100(size=16) memory:f0c6f000-f0c6f3ff
*-usb:1
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB EHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 12
bus info: pci@0000:00:12.0
version: 39
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:f0c6e000-f0c6e0ff
*-usb:2
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB EHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 13
bus info: pci@0000:00:13.0
version: 39
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:f0c6d000-f0c6d0ff
*-serial UNCLAIMED
description: SMBus
product: FCH SMBus Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0
version: 42
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
configuration: latency=0
*-multimedia:1
description: Audio device
product: FCH Azalia Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.2
version: 02
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=32
resources: irq:85 memory:f0c64000-f0c67fff
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: FCH LPC Bridge
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.3
version: 11
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master
configuration: latency=0
*-generic:1
description: SD Host controller
product: FCH SD Flash Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14.7
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.7
version: 01
width: 64 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=sdhci-pci latency=39
resources: irq:16 memory:f0c6c000-f0c6c0ff
*-pci:1
description: Host bridge
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 101
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:2
description: Host bridge
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 102
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:3
description: Host bridge
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 103
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:4
description: Host bridge
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 104
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.2
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:5
description: Host bridge
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 105
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.3
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=k10temp
resources: irq:0
*-pci:6
description: Host bridge
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 106
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.4
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:7
description: Host bridge
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 107
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.5
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-scsi:0
physical id: 1
logical name: scsi0
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST500LT012-1DG14
vendor: Seagate
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: LVM1
serial: W3PE8ZA2
size: 465GiB (500GB)
capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=65589a8d-f5a9-41c7-ae1b-f1ddb5a8714e sectorsize=4096
*-volume:0
description: Windows NTFS volume
vendor: Windows
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
version: 3.1
serial: 1c9d-9540
size: 998MiB
capacity: 999MiB
capabilities: boot precious readonly hidden nomount ntfs initialized
configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2015-07-23 16:59:30 filesystem=ntfs label=WINRE_DRV modified_by_chkdsk=true mounted_on_nt4=true name=Basic data partition resize_log_file=true state=dirty upgrade_on_mount=true
*-volume:1
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: MSDOS5.0
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
logical name: /boot/efi
version: FAT32
serial: a49e-34c6
size: 247MiB
capacity: 259MiB
capabilities: boot precious readonly hidden nomount fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro name=EFI system partition state=mounted
*-volume:2
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: MSDOS5.0
physical id: 3
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3
logical name: /dev/sda3
version: FAT32
serial: 2e94-b703
size: 984MiB
capacity: 999MiB
capabilities: precious readonly hidden nomount fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat name=Basic data partition
*-volume:3
description: reserved partition
vendor: Windows
physical id: 4
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4
logical name: /dev/sda4
serial: d37ec3e1-7f48-457b-ace7-b364cb4a24f5
capacity: 127MiB
capabilities: nofs
configuration: name=Microsoft reserved partition
*-volume:4
description: Windows NTFS volume
vendor: Windows
physical id: 5
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,5
logical name: /dev/sda5
version: 3.1
serial: 4a67e70f-0000-1e45-a17b-7444acec0908
size: 233GiB
capacity: 233GiB
capabilities: ntfs initialized
configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2015-07-23 16:59:36 filesystem=ntfs label=Windows8_OS name=Basic data partition state=clean
*-volume:5
description: Windows NTFS volume
vendor: Windows
physical id: 6
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,6
logical name: /dev/sda6
version: 3.1
serial: 2253c432-6059-794f-b923-223418077735
size: 24GiB
capacity: 24GiB
capabilities: ntfs initialized
configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2015-02-05 15:25:36 filesystem=ntfs label=LENOVO modified_by_chkdsk=true mounted_on_nt4=true name=Basic data partition resize_log_file=true state=dirty upgrade_on_mount=true
*-volume:6
description: Windows NTFS volume
vendor: Windows
physical id: 7
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,7
logical name: /dev/sda7
version: 3.1
serial: 549a-5b45
size: 14GiB
capacity: 14GiB
capabilities: boot precious readonly hidden nomount ntfs initialized
configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2015-02-05 14:53:47 filesystem=ntfs label=PBR_DRV modified_by_chkdsk=true mounted_on_nt4=true name=Basic data partition resize_log_file=true state=dirty upgrade_on_mount=true
*-volume:7
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 8
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,8
logical name: /dev/sda8
logical name: /
version: 1.0
serial: 17d488e7-1c45-4134-a585-d37573e76c0e
size: 185GiB
capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2015-08-09 18:47:53 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2015-08-30 16:58:14 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2015-08-30 16:58:14 state=mounted
*-volume:8
description: swap partition
vendor: Linux
physical id: 9
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,9
logical name: /dev/sda9
serial: c7c4d5be-b08c-402b-8808-87d3433d647a
capacity: 5080MiB
capabilities: nofs
*-scsi:1
physical id: 2
logical name: scsi1
capabilities: emulated
*-cdrom
description: DVD-RAM writer
product: DVDRAM GUC0N
vendor: HL-DT-ST
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: T.02
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
如果那里没有提到，我使用的是联想 G50-45。启动 Windows 时一切正常，通常很好当我启动 Ubuntu 时。
更新时间：2015-9-2
在终端中运行“ubuntu-devices drivers”的结果：
heather@Heather-Lenovo-Ubuntu:~$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0 ==
vendor : Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
modalias : pci:v00001002d00009851sv000017AAsd00003801bc03sc00i00
driver : fglrx - distro non-free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-ati - distro free builtin recommended
driver : fglrx-updates - distro non-free
答案1
检查显卡驱动，打开终端输入：
ubuntu-drivers devices
输出ubuntu-drivers devices将显示与您的笔记本电脑兼容的 Ubuntu 存储库中的显卡驱动程序列表。我期望韓國将是适合安装带有 R2 Graphics 的 Radeon APU A4-6000 的专有显卡驱动程序。
内置的 xserver-xorg-video-ati 显卡驱动程序被列为推荐驱动程序，因为它已默认安装在 Ubuntu 14.04 中。如果您安装 fglrx 专有显卡驱动程序，Ubuntu 将在不卸载 xserver-xorg-video-ati 的情况下使用 fglrx，这样，如果您在使用 fglrx 启动时遇到问题，您仍然可以使用开源 xserver-xorg-video-ati 显卡驱动程序启动。
要为 AMD Radeon 图形加速器安装 fglrx 和 Catalyst 控制中心 (韓國語），打开终端并输入：
sudo apt install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle
sudo reboot
Ubuntu 16.04 及更高版本不再支持 fglrx。在 Ubuntu 16.04 及更高版本中，AMD 图形处理器默认使用内置开源 AMD 图形驱动程序。或者，您可以从AMD 官方网站。