使用 VBA 访问工作表中的第一个工作表是 Worksheets(1)。ListBox 中的第一个项目是 myListBox.List(0)。我听说集合是基于 1 的,但我不知道它们是什么。VBA 数组是基于 0 的。Excel 字符串函数(如 MID)是基于 1 的。是否有一个关于什么是基于 0 或 1 的一般原则,或者您能否提供每个列表?
答案1
VBA 中有 3 种主要类型的分组构造,索引之间有区别
集合 - 基于 1 的索引
- 基于 0 的异常:用户窗体集合,如选项卡、页面、控件(列表框、文本框)
- 集合是包含逻辑相关对象组(或列表)的原生 Excel 对象
- 通常用于保存复杂对象,但也可以保存基本类型
Excel 集合:
- 工作簿、工作表、范围、形状
- Sheets(1) 是文件中的第一个表,Cells(1, 1) 是第一行和第一列的单元格
集合的主要优点是可以方便地通过名称访问元素
- For-Each 循环非常高效(与 For-Each 处理数组相比)
- 但是,通过索引访问单个项目比通过名称访问它们更快
数组 - 默认情况下从 0 开始,但第一个索引可以更改为任意数字(如下所示)
- 数组是包含一组相关变量的变量
- 通常用于原始数据类型,如布尔值、整数、长整型、字符串、双精度型等
一旦定义,它将只保存一种类型的项目:
Dim x() As Long
- 为了保存更复杂的对象,数组可以定义为
Dim x() As Variant
变量可以是任何类型的对象,包括工作簿、工作表、范围、数组
Dim x As Variant: x = Array(1) '1 Variant variable containing 1 array
Dim y(2) As Variant '1 Variant array containing 3 arrays
y(0) = Array(1): y(1) = Array(2): y(2) = Array(3)
- 为了保存更复杂的对象,数组可以定义为
数组的主要优点是通过索引访问项时的性能
For index=0 To 10
For-Each
循环比循环更快
字典 - 没有索引,但可以用键模拟索引
- 原生于 VB 脚本,而非 VBA(必须使用外部库)
- 可以保存任何类型的对象,包括数组、集合或其他字典
ListBox 是一个复杂对象,可以通过基于 0 的控件集合进行访问
ListBox 的 .List() 属性是一个基于 0 的数组
其他说明
基于 0 的索引是其他语言的标准
VBA 引入了以 1 为基础的概念,以便新用户能够更加直观:
- Sheet1 至 Sheet3,集合计数为 3 比
- Sheet0 至 Sheet2,集合计数为 3
以下是一些它们之间的指标差异的实际例子:
Public Sub vbaCollections()
Dim c As New Collection '1-based index
c.Add Item:="a", Key:="1" 'index 1; Key must a String
c.Add Item:="b", Key:="2" 'index 2
c.Add Item:="c", Key:="3" 'index 3
Debug.Print c.Count '3; Items in index sequence: a,b,c, Keys: "1","2","3"
Debug.Print c.Item(1) 'a; not available for Dictionaries
'Debug.Print c.Key("1") 'invalid, so is: c.Key(1)
c.Remove Index:=2
Debug.Print c.Count '2; items in index sequence: a,c, Keys: "1","3"
'c.Remove Item:="c" 'invalid, so is: c.Remove Key:="3"
'c.Add Item:="c", Key:="3", Before:=1 'Key must be unique - Error
c.Add Item:="c", Key:="5", Before:=1 'allows duplicate Item
Debug.Print c.Count '3; items in index sequence: c,a,c, Keys: "5","1","3"
End Sub
Public Sub vbaArrays()
Dim a() As Long, b(3) As Long 'Arrays default to "Option Base {0 | 1}"
Dim c(0 To 0) 'if "Option Base" not defined, it defaults to 0
Dim ar(1) As Worksheet: Set ar(0) = Worksheets(1) 'array with 1 Worksheets object
ReDim a(3) 'creates an array of 4 elements; indexes 0,1,2,3
Debug.Print "LB: " & LBound(a) & ", UB: " & UBound(a) 'LB: 0, UB: 3
Debug.Print UBound(a) - LBound(a) '3, array b() is the same
'even whith "Option Base 1", the following still default to 0
Dim v As Variant: v = Split("A B") 'array with 2 items: v(0) = "A", v(1) = "B"
'UserForm1.ListBox1.List = Array("Test") 'array with 1 item: .List(0,0) = "Test"
ReDim a(0 To 3) 'creates an array of 4 elements; indexes 0,1,2,3
a(0) = 1: a(1) = 2: a(2) = 3 'a(3) defaults to 0
Debug.Print "LB: " & LBound(a) & ", UB: " & UBound(a) 'LB: 0, UB: 3
Debug.Print UBound(a) - LBound(a) '3; offset index by -1
ReDim a(1 To 3) 'creates an array of 3 elements; indexes 1,2,3
a(1) = 1: a(2) = 2: a(3) = 3
Debug.Print "LB: " & LBound(a) & ", UB: " & UBound(a) 'LB: 1, UB: 3
Debug.Print UBound(a) - LBound(a) '2; offset count by +1
ReDim a(5 To 7) 'creates an array of 3 elements; indexes 5,6,7
a(5) = 1: a(6) = 2: a(7) = 3
Debug.Print "LB: " & LBound(a) & ", UB: " & UBound(a) 'LB: 5, UB: 7
Debug.Print UBound(a) - LBound(a) '2; offset count by +1
ReDim a(-3 To -1) 'creates an array of 3 elements; indexes -3,-2,-1
a(-3) = 1: a(-2) = 2: a(-1) = 3
Debug.Print "LB: " & LBound(a) & ", UB: " & UBound(a) 'LB: -3, UB: -1
Debug.Print UBound(a) - LBound(a) '2; offset count by +1
End Sub
Public Sub vbsDictionaries()
Dim d As Object 'not indexed (similar to linked lists)
Set d = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") 'native to VB Script, not VBA
d.Add Key:="a", Item:=1 'index is based on Key (a, b, c)
d.Add Key:="b", Item:=2
d.Add Key:="c", Item:=3
Debug.Print d.Count '3; Keys: a,b,c, Items: 1,2,3
Debug.Print d(1) 'output is empty ("") - adds new element: Key:="1", Item:=""
Debug.Print d.Count '4; Keys: a,b,c,1, Items: 1,2,3,Empty
Debug.Print d("a") '1
Debug.Print d(1) 'output is Empty ("") from element with Key:="1"
'd.Add Key:="b", Item:=2 'attempt to add existing element: Key:="b" - Error
'd.Keys - 0-based array (not available for Collections)
'd.Items - 0-based array (not available for Collections)
d.Remove d.Keys()(1) 'remove element Item:=2 (Key:="b")
Debug.Print d.Count '3; Keys: a,c,1, Items: 1,3,""
d.Remove d.Items()(0) 'remove Items element 0 (Key:="1", Item:="")
Debug.Print d.Count '2; Keys: a,c, Items: 1,3
d.Remove "c" 'remove element Key:="c" (Item:=3)
Debug.Print d.Count '1; Keys: a, Items: 1
d.Add Key:="c", Item:=3
Debug.Print d.Count '2; Keys: a,c, Items: 1,3
'd.Remove d.Items()(0) 'invalid
Debug.Print d.Items()(d.Count - 1) '3
d.Remove d.Keys()(d.Count - 1) 'remove last element; access last Key by Key
Debug.Print d.Count '1; Keys: a, Items: 1
Debug.Print d.Exists("a") 'True (not available for Collections)
Debug.Print d.Exists(2) 'False
End Sub
进一步阅读: