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我正在尝试使用批处理文件每天下午自动将我的桌面复制到云端。我可以对其他驱动器执行此操作，但不能对我的桌面执行此操作

tag-icon • tag-icon windows command-line batch desktop
我正在尝试使用批处理文件每天下午自动将我的桌面复制到云端。我可以对其他驱动器执行此操作，但不能对我的桌面执行此操作

此命令可以正常工作，将我的 F 驱动器备份到我的 OneDrive，并使用当前日期命名文件夹：

xcopy "F:\" "C:\Users\myUserName\OneDrive for Business\F Backup %date:~-4,4%%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%" /e /i /h /k /q /s /v /y /z

但是，当我在桌面上尝试类似操作时，它不起作用：

xcopy "C:\Users\myUserName\Desktop\" "C:\Users\myUserName\OneDrive for Business\Desktop Backup-%date:~-4,4%%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%" /e /i /h /k /q /s /v /y /z

这真让我抓狂。我把这两个命令都放在一个批处理文件中，每天在同一时间运行。桌面命令首先运行，似乎可以正常工作（但我检查时没有复制任何内容），然后 F 驱动器命令运行正常。

任何建议都将不胜感激。我猜是额外的参数之一与桌面不兼容？很明显，我对批处理文件一无所知（我对 F 驱动器部分的工作感到很满意...），所以请原谅我的无知。谢谢。

答案1

批处理文件每天下午自动将我的桌面复制到云端

但是，当我在桌面上尝试类似操作时，它不起作用：

xcopy "C:\Users\myUserName\Desktop\" "C:\Users\myUserName\OneDrive for Business\Desktop Backup-%date:~-4,4%%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%" /e /i /h /k /q /s /v /y /z

现在它只是告诉我“路径无效。已复制 0 个文件。

潜在问题及其他

  1. XCOPY是一个弃用的命令，旨在由 Microsoft 从 Windows Vista（以及更新的操作系统）开始用 Robocopy 取代。

    • 我将Robocopy在下面发布一个示例命令批处理解决方案，因为它是一个 Windows 原生解决方案，但并没有被弃用，就像 XCOPY

  2. 在您的示例中，某些XCOPY命令开关一起使用时似乎会发生冲突：

    • /S Copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones.
    • /E Copies directories and subdirectories, including empty ones.

  3. 使用/I开关而不使源（"C:\Users\myUserName\Desktop\"）以结尾\*.*可能会成为其他开关的问题，因为您告诉它如果在复制发生之前该目录不存在，则假定它是目标中的目录。

    • /I If destination does not exist and copying more than one . file, assumes that destination must be a directory.

  4. 您没有~\Desktop Backup YYYYMMDD先检查新的明确文件夹是否存在，如果不存在则创建它。

    • IF NOT EXIST "~\Desktop Backup YYYYMMDD" MD "~\Desktop Backup YYYYMMDD"

  5. 否则，当您没有从命令行手动运行时，您就不会将这些命令的输出记录到日志文件中以查看详细信息。

    • ~ /s /v /y /z>>C:\Path\Logfile.txt

更好的现代 Windows 解决方案

ROBOCOPY 批处理脚本示例

（看脚本说明请参阅下面的示例，了解我在此示例中使用的选项，并确保将 sourcedir 和 targetdir 变量路径更改为需要设置的位置。请确保从测试位置进行测试，以确保彻底性并在用于生产目的之前确认自己）

@ECHO ON
SETLOCAL
SET SourceDir=C:\Users\myUserName\Desktop
SET TargetDir=C:\Users\myUserName\OneDrive for Business\F Backup %date:~-4,4%%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%
SET LogFile=C:\LogPath\Logfile.txt
IF NOT EXIST "%TargetDir%" MD "%TargetDir%"
ROBOCOPY "%SourcePath%" "%TargetDir%" *.* /PURGE /S /NP /ZB /R:5 /LOG+:%Log% /TS /FP
GOTO EOF

脚本说明

我在我的示例中使用了这些选项，但请参阅下文如何查看所有选项以进一步满足您的特定需求。只是某些 Robocopy 选项默认执行某些 XCOPY 开关正在执行的操作和需要的操作，因此您可能不需要包含您认为需要的每个开关。

一个例子是默认情况下它复制到目的地 (default is /COPY:DAT) 和 (copyflags : D=Data, A=Attributes, T=Timestamps). 因此您无需指定 /COPY:DAT。

/S         :: copy Subdirectories, but not empty ones.
/PURGE     :: delete dest files/dirs that no longer exist in source.
/NP        :: No Progress - don't display % copied.
/ZB        :: use restartable mode; if access denied use Backup mode.
/R:n       :: number of Retries on failed copies: default 1 million.
/LOG+:file :: output status to LOG file (append to existing log).
/TS        :: include source file Time Stamps in the output.
/FP        :: include Full Pathname of files in the output.

进一步研究和细节

在 Windows 的命令行中输入Robocopy /?然后按Enter

C:\Users\PJ>robocopy /?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ROBOCOPY     ::     Robust File Copy for Windows

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Started : Fri Dec 18 02:29:48 2015

              Usage :: ROBOCOPY source destination [file [file]...] [options]

             source :: Source Directory (drive:\path or \\server\share\path).
        destination :: Destination Dir  (drive:\path or \\server\share\path).
               file :: File(s) to copy  (names/wildcards: default is "*.*").

::
:: Copy options :
::
                 /S :: copy Subdirectories, but not empty ones.
                 /E :: copy subdirectories, including Empty ones.
             /LEV:n :: only copy the top n LEVels of the source directory tree.

                 /Z :: copy files in restartable mode.
                 /B :: copy files in Backup mode.
                /ZB :: use restartable mode; if access denied use Backup mode.
            /EFSRAW :: copy all encrypted files in EFS RAW mode.

  /COPY:copyflag[s] :: what to COPY for files (default is /COPY:DAT).
                       (copyflags : D=Data, A=Attributes, T=Timestamps).
                       (S=Security=NTFS ACLs, O=Owner info, U=aUditing info).

           /DCOPY:T :: COPY Directory Timestamps.

               /SEC :: copy files with SECurity (equivalent to /COPY:DATS).
           /COPYALL :: COPY ALL file info (equivalent to /COPY:DATSOU).
            /NOCOPY :: COPY NO file info (useful with /PURGE).

            /SECFIX :: FIX file SECurity on all files, even skipped files.
            /TIMFIX :: FIX file TIMes on all files, even skipped files.

             /PURGE :: delete dest files/dirs that no longer exist in source.
               /MIR :: MIRror a directory tree (equivalent to /E plus /PURGE).

               /MOV :: MOVe files (delete from source after copying).
              /MOVE :: MOVE files AND dirs (delete from source after copying).

     /A+:[RASHCNET] :: add the given Attributes to copied files.
     /A-:[RASHCNET] :: remove the given Attributes from copied files.

            /CREATE :: CREATE directory tree and zero-length files only.
               /FAT :: create destination files using 8.3 FAT file names only.
               /256 :: turn off very long path (> 256 characters) support.

             /MON:n :: MONitor source; run again when more than n changes seen.
             /MOT:m :: MOnitor source; run again in m minutes Time, if changed.

      /RH:hhmm-hhmm :: Run Hours - times when new copies may be started.
                /PF :: check run hours on a Per File (not per pass) basis.

             /IPG:n :: Inter-Packet Gap (ms), to free bandwidth on slow lines.

                 /SL:: copy symbolic links versus the target.
::
:: File Selection Options :
::
                 /A :: copy only files with the Archive attribute set.
                 /M :: copy only files with the Archive attribute and reset it.
    /IA:[RASHCNETO] :: Include only files with any of the given Attributes set.
    /XA:[RASHCNETO] :: eXclude files with any of the given Attributes set.

 /XF file [file]... :: eXclude Files matching given names/paths/wildcards.
 /XD dirs [dirs]... :: eXclude Directories matching given names/paths.

                /XC :: eXclude Changed files.
                /XN :: eXclude Newer files.
                /XO :: eXclude Older files.
                /XX :: eXclude eXtra files and directories.
                /XL :: eXclude Lonely files and directories.
                /IS :: Include Same files.
                /IT :: Include Tweaked files.

             /MAX:n :: MAXimum file size - exclude files bigger than n bytes.
             /MIN:n :: MINimum file size - exclude files smaller than n bytes.

          /MAXAGE:n :: MAXimum file AGE - exclude files older than n days/date.
          /MINAGE:n :: MINimum file AGE - exclude files newer than n days/date.
          /MAXLAD:n :: MAXimum Last Access Date - exclude files unused since n.
          /MINLAD:n :: MINimum Last Access Date - exclude files used since n.
                       (If n < 1900 then n = n days, else n = YYYYMMDD date).

                /XJ :: eXclude Junction points. (normally included by default).

               /FFT :: assume FAT File Times (2-second granularity).
               /DST :: compensate for one-hour DST time differences.

               /XJD :: eXclude Junction points for Directories.
               /XJF :: eXclude Junction points for Files.

::
:: Retry Options :
::
               /R:n :: number of Retries on failed copies: default 1 million.
               /W:n :: Wait time between retries: default is 30 seconds.

               /REG :: Save /R:n and /W:n in the Registry as default settings.

               /TBD :: wait for sharenames To Be Defined (retry error 67).

::
:: Logging Options :
::
                 /L :: List only - don't copy, timestamp or delete any files.
                 /X :: report all eXtra files, not just those selected.
                 /V :: produce Verbose output, showing skipped files.
                /TS :: include source file Time Stamps in the output.
                /FP :: include Full Pathname of files in the output.
             /BYTES :: Print sizes as bytes.

                /NS :: No Size - don't log file sizes.
                /NC :: No Class - don't log file classes.
               /NFL :: No File List - don't log file names.
               /NDL :: No Directory List - don't log directory names.

                /NP :: No Progress - don't display % copied.
               /ETA :: show Estimated Time of Arrival of copied files.

          /LOG:file :: output status to LOG file (overwrite existing log).
         /LOG+:file :: output status to LOG file (append to existing log).

       /UNILOG:file :: output status to LOG file as UNICODE (overwrite existing
log).
      /UNILOG+:file :: output status to LOG file as UNICODE (append to existing
log).

               /TEE :: output to console window, as well as the log file.

               /NJH :: No Job Header.
               /NJS :: No Job Summary.

           /UNICODE :: output status as UNICODE.

::
:: Job Options :
::
       /JOB:jobname :: take parameters from the named JOB file.
      /SAVE:jobname :: SAVE parameters to the named job file
              /QUIT :: QUIT after processing command line (to view parameters).

              /NOSD :: NO Source Directory is specified.
              /NODD :: NO Destination Directory is specified.
                /IF :: Include the following Files.

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