我试图理解IPv6更好的。
首先,我尝试是否配置,我得到以下结果:
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr XXXXXXX
inet addr:X.X.X.X Bcast:X.X.X.X Mask:XXXXXXXXX
inet6 addr: XXXX::XXXX:XXX:XXXX:XXX/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:138752772 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:67894054 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:67347428211 (67.3 GB) TX bytes:168368922639 (168.3 GB)
Interrupt:43
因此,从上面我可以假设 IPv6 已启用(如果我错了,请纠正我)。
现在如果我使用,ping localhost
我会得到:
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.026 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.025 ms
...
但是当我使用时ping6 localhost
我得到:
unknown host
我如何使用ping6
?或者更具体地说,需要做哪些改变才能工作ping6 localhost
(如果可能的话)?
答案1
简短回答[rcf4291]
ping6 ip6-localhost # Or the alias you have in /etc/hosts file (See below)
ping6 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 # Similar to `ping 127.0.0.1` with 7 `:` instead of 4 `.`
ping6 ::1 # The used analogous of `ping 127.0.0.1`
改变工作方式ping6 localhost
如果你想要localhost
同时设置为ping
和的别名ping6
而且您的机器上还没有这样,只需在/etc/hosts
文件中写入以下两行即可:
127.0.0.1 localhost
# ... and below
::1 localhost ipv6-localhost ipv6-loopback
对于当前使用的别名您可以在系统上检查 hosts 文件,/etc/hosts
[1] 或以其他方式地方如果在不同的系统上[2] .
您可能会发现,,,ip6-localhost
或者其本身...ip6-loopback
ipv6-localhost
ipv6-loopback
localhost
多说几句
我确实理解你的困惑,因为我读到rfc6761关于“特殊用途域名”6.3 [3],关于名字本地主机,
用户可能会认为 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址查询本地主机名将始终解析为相应的 IP 环回地址。
所以它应该是默认的 但:
在当前更新和未受影响的Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS
/etc/hosts
我找到了以下部分ip6-localhost
,ip6-loopback
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
在Suse Enterprise 10我发现的系统
localhost
,,ipv6-localhost
ipv6-loopback
# special IPv6 addresses ::1 localhost ipv6-localhost ipv6-loopback
在一个古老的 Debian GNU/Linux 8.2 系统
localhost
,ip6-localhost
,ip6-loopback
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
这意味着,根据我有限的经验,您应该查看文件/etc/host
并进行修改,或者使用您发现的方法,例如,
ping6 ipv6-localhost # On some systems (maybe on Suse)
ping6 ip6-localhost # On some systems (maybe on Debian/*buntu)
答案2
尝试:
ping6 ::1
结果如下:
# ping6 ::1
PING ::1(::1) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from ::1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
(...)
64 bytes from ::1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms
^C
--- ::1 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 9 received, 0% packet loss, time 7998ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.035/0.042/0.055/0.011 ms
Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS (Trusty Tahr):
# ping ::1
ping: unknown host ::1
# ping -6 ::1
ping: invalid option -- '6'
Usage: ping [-aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV] [-c count] [-i interval] [-I interface]
[-m mark] [-M pmtudisc_option] [-l preload] [-p pattern] [-Q tos]
[-s packetsize] [-S sndbuf] [-t ttl] [-T timestamp_option]
[-w deadline] [-W timeout] [hop1 ...] destination
# ping -V
ping utility, iputils-s20121221
( 也一样ping6 -V
。)
答案3
localhost
是解析为地址的主机名127.0.0.1
。您的/etc/hosts
文件应该有一个单独的条目::1
,可能是localhost6
。所以试试这些:
ping6 ::1
ping6 localhost6