我正在尝试使用 UEFI 启动在一张磁盘上安装 Debian 和 CentOS。当 Debian 启动时,我收到下图中的错误:
为了解释我如何尝试进行设置,我将展示我对分区所做的操作。下面是我最初的 Debian 分区的图片(注意我在最后留了一些空闲空间来放置 CentOS“/”挂载点)。
之后运行并安装它工作正常。然后我插入一个 USB 驱动器来启动并安装 CentOS。当我到达分区屏幕时,它看起来是这样的(在进行任何修改之前):
然后我为CentOS的/创建了一个20GiB的分区。此外,在 Debian 分区部分下,我修改了 /boot/efi 分区,使其具有 /boot/efi 的“挂载点(参见图像最右侧)”。然后,这似乎将其自身复制到 CentOS 分区部分。结果如下所示:
启动后,我看到两个选项,一种用于 CentOS,一种用于 Debian。如果我选择 CentOS,它工作正常。如果我选择 Debian,我会收到本文第一个链接中显示的错误。我的问题是为什么?
我的 EFI 目录如下。
[root@localhost EFI]# cd /boot/efi/EFI
[root@localhost EFI]# ls
BOOT centos debian
[root@localhost EFI]# ls centos debian
centos:
BOOT.CSV fonts fwupia32.efi grub.cfg grubx64.efi MokManager.efi shimx64-centos.efi
BOOTX64.CSV fw fwupx64.efi grubenv mmx64.efi shim.efi shimx64.efi
debian:
grubx64.efi
我的 /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg 如下:
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
set pager=1
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="${saved_entry}"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
terminal_output console
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=5
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
set timeout=5
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ###
set tuned_params=""
set tuned_initrd=""
### END /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/01_users ###
if [ -f ${prefix}/user.cfg ]; then
source ${prefix}/user.cfg
if [ -n "${GRUB2_PASSWORD}" ]; then
set superusers="root"
export superusers
password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD}
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/01_users ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64-advanced-4b9ca680-8e47-494f-8a98-991aab9d51e6' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 4b9ca680-8e47-494f-8a98-991aab9d51e6
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4b9ca680-8e47-494f-8a98-991aab9d51e6
fi
linuxefi /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=4b9ca680-8e47-494f-8a98-991aab9d51e6 ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
initrdefi /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-6afd59629baf4fd295f2313dd51b9e9e) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-6afd59629baf4fd295f2313dd51b9e9e-advanced-4b9ca680-8e47-494f-8a98-991aab9d51e6' {
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 4b9ca680-8e47-494f-8a98-991aab9d51e6
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4b9ca680-8e47-494f-8a98-991aab9d51e6
fi
linuxefi /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-6afd59629baf4fd295f2313dd51b9e9e root=UUID=4b9ca680-8e47-494f-8a98-991aab9d51e6 ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
initrdefi /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-6afd59629baf4fd295f2313dd51b9e9e.img
}
if [ "x$default" = 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' ]; then default='Advanced options for CentOS Linux>CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)'; fi;
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux (9.8) (on /dev/sda2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-8-amd64 root=UUID=9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be ro quiet
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-8-amd64
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux (9.8) (on /dev/sda2)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be' {
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux (on /dev/sda2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-8-amd64--9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-8-amd64 root=UUID=9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be ro quiet
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-8-amd64
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 4.9.0-8-amd64 (on /dev/sda2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-8-amd64--9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-8-amd64 root=UUID=9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be ro quiet
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-8-amd64
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 4.9.0-8-amd64 (recovery mode) (on /dev/sda2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-8-amd64-root=UUID=9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be ro single-9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-8-amd64 root=UUID=9a0b0533-9320-45f1-9b3d-0860da8822be ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-8-amd64
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
更新- 得到了一个可行的解决方案,但对我如何到达那里感到不满意(我希望有人告诉我为什么我的系统以这种方式结束):在我的 /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg 文件中,我手动编辑了Debian 菜单项(或子菜单项)下的行分别以“linux”或 initrd”开头,到“linuxefi”和“initrdefi”。我不明白为什么我必须手动编辑这个 grub我必须在操作系统的安装/设置阶段做一些非常错误的事情才能遇到这个问题。
答案1
看起来 CentOS 的/etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
脚本没有考虑到 CentOS GRUB 使用安全启动兼容的linuxefi
/initrdefi
关键字,并忽略了对传统linux
/initrd
的支持。 (或者也许该支持可以作为 GRUB 模块提供,但安全启动要求加载所有可执行代码才能使用 UEFI 标准可执行文件/库格式,而 GRUB 模块则不然。)
另一方面,Debian 使用传统的linux
/initrd
关键字,因为它们强烈支持自由软件(因此反对安全启动)立场。
CentOSos-prober
显然只是按原样从 Debian 的 GRUB 配置文件中复制了配置行,而没有进行必要的更改。os-prober
如果有人还没有报告的话,您可以在 CentOS 上提交有关此问题的错误报告。