我正在尝试在两个设备之间创建蓝牙 PAN，这样我就可以通过蓝牙连接访问基于 REST 的 Web 服务。我已经在各种概念验证（包括蓝牙传统和蓝牙智能）方面取得了一些成功，但在尝试创建群组网络或 PANU <-> PANU 网络时遇到了问题。我能够使用网络接入点方案使网络正常工作，但是我们的用例需要是单个设备与另一个单个设备进行通信，而无需路由到任何其他设备或网络。
首先，我有一台装有最新 Raspbian 操作系统的 Raspberry Pi。它附带 bluez 5.23。为了使网络接入点正常工作，我使用了以下代码：
brctl addbr pan0
brctl setfd pan0 0
brctl stp pan0 off
ifconfig pan0 inet6 add fd00::5ef3:70ff:xxxx:xxxx
iplink set pan0 up
bt-network –d –s nap pan0
这很好用，我能够连接 Linux 和 Windows 设备。我还可以从连接到它的设备访问在 Raspberry Pi 上运行的 Apache Web 服务器。
在 Linux 设备上，我使用 blueman 进行连接。我还使用了带有 –c 选项的 bt-network 进行连接。对于 Windows 设备（Windows 10 平板电脑），我将设备配对，然后从蓝牙个人局域网设备屏幕连接到网络。在连接之前，我确实需要使用 bluetoothctl 来信任这两个设备。
在 NAP 工作的情况下，我想尝试让组网络或 panu-panu 网络按照本文档中的描述工作： http://www.bluetooth.org/docman/handlers/downloaddoc.ashx?doc_id=6554 这些场景对我们来说最合适，因为我们不想路由到任何其他网络或设备（panu-panu 场景是理想的）
我最初的想法是我需要做的就是将 bt-network 命令更改为以下两个命令之一：
bt-network –d –s gn pan0
bt-network –d –s panu pan0
这两个命令启动时都会出现错误，但我无法在我的 Linux 或 Windows 设备之间建立网络连接。我可以成功配对设备（我使用“hciconfig hci0 piscan”命令进行通告），但无法启动网络。
如果我运行 hcidump，我会得到以下输出。请注意，我包含了连接尝试的整个 hcidump，因此它相当长，但我认为它可能有助于识别问题。这是针对组网络的，但我在 panu-panu 场景中遇到了同样的错误：
HCI sniffer - Bluetooth packet analyzer ver 5.23
device: hci0 snap_len: 1500 filter: 0xffffffff
> HCI Event: Connect Request (0x04) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX class 0x000000 type ACL
< HCI Command: Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) plen 7
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00
Role: Master
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Role Change (0x12) plen 8
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00
Role: Master
> HCI Event: Connect Complete (0x03) plen 11
status 0x00 handle 11 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX type ACL encrypt 0x00
< HCI Command: Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) plen 2
handle 11
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Max Slots Change (0x1b) plen 3
handle 11 slots 5
> HCI Event: Read Remote Supported Features (0x0b) plen 11
status 0x00 handle 11
Features: 0xbf 0xfe 0xcf 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x7b 0x87
< HCI Command: Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) plen 3
handle 11 page 1
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Read Remote Extended Features (0x23) plen 13
status 0x00 handle 11 page 1 max 1
Features: 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
< HCI Command: Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX mode 2 clkoffset 0x0000
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Remote Name Req Complete (0x07) plen 255
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX name 'raspberrypi'
> HCI Event: IO Capability Response (0x32) plen 9
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX capability 0x01 oob 0x00 auth 0x03
Capability: DisplayYesNo (OOB data not present)
Authentication: Dedicated Bonding (MITM Protection)
> HCI Event: IO Capability Request (0x31) plen 6
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
< HCI Command: IO Capability Request Reply (0x01|0x002b) plen 9
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX capability 0x03 oob 0x00 auth 0x02
Capability: NoInputNoOutput (OOB data not present)
Authentication: Dedicated Bonding (No MITM Protection)
> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10
IO Capability Request Reply (0x01|0x002b) ncmd 1
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 1
> HCI Event: User Confirmation Request (0x33) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX passkey 774674
< HCI Command: User Confirmation Request Reply (0x01|0x002c) plen 6
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10
User Confirmation Request Reply (0x01|0x002c) ncmd 1
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Simple Pairing Complete (0x36) plen 7
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Link Key Notification (0x18) plen 23
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX key 839802CBF65CA6D1D864F91831A288B0 type 4
Type: Unauthenticated Combination Key
> HCI Event: Encrypt Change (0x08) plen 4
status 0x00 handle 11 encrypt 0x01
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0
Extended feature mask 0x02b8
Enhanced Retransmission mode
Streaming mode
FCS Option
Fixed Channels
Unicast Connectless Data Reception
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0
Extended feature mask 0x02b8
Enhanced Retransmission mode
Streaming mode
FCS Option
Fixed Channels
Unicast Connectless Data Reception
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 20
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0
Fixed channel list 0x00000006
L2CAP Signalling Channel
L2CAP Connless
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 20
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0
Fixed channel list 0x00000006
L2CAP Signalling Channel
L2CAP Connless
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 12
L2CAP(s): Connect req: psm 1 scid 0x0040
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Connect rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040 result 0 status 0
Connection successful
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 23
L2CAP(s): Config req: dcid 0x0040 flags 0x00 clen 11
RFC 0x00 (Basic)
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 23
L2CAP(s): Config req: dcid 0x0040 flags 0x00 clen 11
RFC 0x00 (Basic)
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 18
L2CAP(s): Config rsp: scid 0x0040 flags 0x00 result 0 clen 4
MTU 672
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 18
L2CAP(s): Config rsp: scid 0x0040 flags 0x00 result 0 clen 4
MTU 672
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 24
L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 20 [psm 1]
SDP SSA Req: tid 0x0 len 0xf
pat uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP)
max 65535
aid(s) 0x0000 - 0xffff
cont 00
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 606
L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 602 [psm 1]
SDP SSA Rsp: tid 0x0 len 0x255
count 594
record #0
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10001
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x1800 >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1f > <
uuid-16 0x0007 uint 0x1 uint 0x8 > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x000a (DocURL)
url "http://www.bluez.org/"
aid 0x000b (ClientExeURL)
url "http://www.bluez.org/"
aid 0x000c (IconURL)
url "http://www.bluez.org/"
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "Generic Access Profile"
aid 0x0102 (ProviderName)
str "BlueZ"
record #1
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10002
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x1801 >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1f > <
uuid-16 0x0007 uint 0x10 uint 0x10 > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "Generic Attribute Profile"
aid 0x0102 (ProviderName)
str "BlueZ"
record #2
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10003
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x110e (AVRemote) uuid-16 0x110f (AVRemCt) >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x17 > <
uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x110e (AVRemote) uint 0x105 > >
aid 0x000d (AdditionalProtocolDescLists)
< < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1b > < uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > > >
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "AVRCP CT"
aid 0x0311 (SuppFeatures)
uint 0x4f
record #3
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10004
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x110c (AVRemTarget) >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x17 > <
uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x110e (AVRemote) uint 0x104 > >
aid 0x000d (AdditionalProtocolDescLists)
< < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1b > < uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > > >
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "AVRCP TG"
aid 0x0311 (SuppFeatures)
uint 0x5f
record #4
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10005
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x1117 (GN) >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0xf > <
uuid-16 0x000f (BNEP) uint 0x100 < uint 0x800 uint 0x806 > > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0006 (LangBaseAttrIDList)
< uint 0x656e uint 0x6a uint 0x100 >
aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x1117 (GN) uint 0x100 > >
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "Network service"
aid 0x0101 (SrvDesc)
str "Network service"
aid 0x030a (SecurityDescription)
uint 0x1
cont 00
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 24
L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 20 [psm 1]
SDP SSA Req: tid 0x1 len 0xf
pat uuid-16 0x1200 (PNPInfo)
max 65535
aid(s) 0x0000 - 0xffff
cont 00
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 88
L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 84 [psm 1]
SDP SSA Rsp: tid 0x1 len 0x4f
count 76
record #0
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10000
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x1200 (PNPInfo) >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x1200 (PNPInfo) uint 0x103 > >
aid 0x0200 (VersionNumList)
uint 0x103
aid 0x0201 (SrvDBState)
uint 0x1d6b
aid 0x0202 (unknown)
uint 0x246
aid 0x0203 (unknown)
uint 0x517
aid 0x0204 (unknown)
bool 0x1
aid 0x0205 (unknown)
uint 0x2
cont 00
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 12
L2CAP(s): Disconn req: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 12
L2CAP(s): Disconn rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 1
> HCI Event: Disconn Complete (0x05) plen 4
status 0x00 handle 11 reason 0x13
Reason: Remote User Terminated Connection
> HCI Event: Connect Request (0x04) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX class 0x000000 type ACL
< HCI Command: Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) plen 7
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00
Role: Master
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Role Change (0x12) plen 8
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00
Role: Master
> HCI Event: Connect Complete (0x03) plen 11
status 0x00 handle 12 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX type ACL encrypt 0x00
< HCI Command: Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) plen 2
handle 12
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Max Slots Change (0x1b) plen 3
handle 12 slots 5
> HCI Event: Read Remote Supported Features (0x0b) plen 11
status 0x00 handle 12
Features: 0xbf 0xfe 0xcf 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x7b 0x87
< HCI Command: Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) plen 3
handle 12 page 1
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Read Remote Extended Features (0x23) plen 13
status 0x00 handle 12 page 1 max 1
Features: 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
< HCI Command: Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX mode 2 clkoffset 0x0000
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Remote Name Req Complete (0x07) plen 255
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX name 'raspberrypi'
> HCI Event: Link Key Request (0x17) plen 6
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
< HCI Command: Link Key Request Reply (0x01|0x000b) plen 22
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX key 839802CBF65CA6D1D864F91831A288B0
> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10
Link Key Request Reply (0x01|0x000b) ncmd 1
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Encrypt Change (0x08) plen 4
status 0x00 handle 12 encrypt 0x01
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0
Extended feature mask 0x02b8
Enhanced Retransmission mode
Streaming mode
FCS Option
Fixed Channels
Unicast Connectless Data Reception
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0
Extended feature mask 0x02b8
Enhanced Retransmission mode
Streaming mode
FCS Option
Fixed Channels
Unicast Connectless Data Reception
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 12 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 20
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0
Fixed channel list 0x00000006
L2CAP Signalling Channel
L2CAP Connless
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 20
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0
Fixed channel list 0x00000006
L2CAP Signalling Channel
L2CAP Connless
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 12 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 12
L2CAP(s): Connect req: psm 15 scid 0x0040
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Connect rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040 result 1 status 2
Connection pending - Authorization pending
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Connect rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040 result 3 status 0
Connection refused - security block
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 12 packets 2
> HCI Event: Disconn Complete (0x05) plen 4
status 0x00 handle 12 reason 0x13
Reason: Remote User Terminated Connection
在此转储结束时，我收到错误：“连接被拒绝 - 安全阻止”。我相信这是问题所在，但我在两端都信任设备。无论我尝试使用 gn 还是 panu 作为服务器类型，无论是从 Linux 还是 Windows 设备连接，我都会收到同样的错误。
我确实看到了很多网络接入点 (NAP) 的示例，但是我很难找到组或 panu 网络的示例。有没有人成功使用 bt-network (bluez 5.23) 使组或 panu 网络工作？我是不是漏掉了什么？任何帮助都将不胜感激。
谢谢
乔恩
答案1
右击蓝牙设备警告区域中的图标，然后选择加入单个区域网络。蓝牙设备列表出现。...
点击要关联的 PC 的名称。当显示此设备的属性页面时，单击“确定”关闭此页面。
Snap Connect 使用。