为什么SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED两次测试都失败了却显示？
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdc
smartctl 6.6 2018-12-05 r4851 [x86_64-linux-4.14.98] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital AV-GP (AF)
Device Model: WDC WD20EURS-63SPKY0
Serial Number: WD-WMC1T2763021
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6addb4b7c
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sun Feb 24 13:43:30 2019 GMT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 117) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (27240) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 275) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x70b5) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 180 179 021 Pre-fail Always - 5991
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 113
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 092 092 000 Old_age Always - 6354
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 56
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 46
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 66
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 122 114 000 Old_age Always - 28
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 1
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 50% 6354 4377408
# 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 6354 4377408
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
因为你的 SMART 属性都很好，而且都有No Errors Logged。
请阅读：ATA 驱动器自检失败，但 SMART 运行状况为“通过”。这是怎么回事？
如果驱动器自检失败，但仍然具有“通过”SMART 健康状态，这通常意味着磁盘上存在损坏的（无法纠正=UNC）扇区。这意味着存储在该扇区的 ECC 数据与存储在该扇区的用户数据不一致，并且尝试读取该扇区会失败并出现 UNC 错误。这可能是一种一次性瞬态效应：磁盘写入扇区时突然断电损坏了 ECC 代码或数据，但扇区可以正确存储新数据。或者它可能是永久性的影响：磁介质已被一点灰尘损坏，并且该扇区无法正确存储新数据。
如果磁盘可以单次读取该扇区的数据，并且损坏是永久性的，而不是暂时的，则磁盘固件会将该扇区标记为“坏”，并分配一个备用扇区来替换它。但是，如果磁盘一次都无法读取该扇区，那么它就不会重新分配该扇区，以期在将来的某个时候能够从中读取数据。写入不可读（损坏）的扇区将解决该问题。如果损坏是暂时的，则新的一致数据将写入该扇区。如果损坏是永久性的，则写入将强制扇区重新分配。请参见坏块如何有关如何强制此扇区重新分配的说明（仅限 Linux）。
磁盘仍然具有良好的健康状态，因为固件没有发现其他故障迹象，例如伺服系统故障。
通常可以使用磁盘制造商的“磁盘评估和修复”实用程序来修复此类磁盘。请注意：这可能会强制重新分配丢失的扇区，从而损坏或破坏磁盘上的任何文件系统。看坏块如何用于通用 Linux 指令。
dd您可以尝试使用某种“修复实用程序”来修复不可读的扇区。首先备份您的驱动器！
答案2
对于smartctl，没有简单的命令可以告诉您一切都好......smartctl -H是一个虚假的朋友，不值得信任。您必须查看完整的输出。
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
尽管它显示“通过”，但这并不意味着任何事情，因此只需忽略它并更换出现故障的驱动器即可。
Offline data collection status:
(0x00) Offline data collection activity was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
另外，考虑启用Auto Offline Data Collection，并设置smartd为定期运行自测试并发送电子邮件通知。
每 6354 小时运行一次自检太不可靠，而且如果不进行定期测试，硬盘错误就不会被发现，直到采取任何措施时都为时已晚。