我安装了 Linux Mint MATE 19.1 并安装了 AMD MESA 18.x+ 驱动程序，如 Wiki 中所示（添加 ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa 并升级）。这是我的规格/设置：
品牌/型号：Dell PowerEdge R810（第一代）
显卡：AMD Radeon Pro WX 3100
Linux Mint版本：尝试了18.3和19.1，没有成功
联系：
1 DisplayPort 至显示器 1
2 条连接显示器 2 和 3 的 Mini-DisplayPort 电缆
当我从上面的 PPA 安装 MESA 驱动程序后，我注意到我的所有显示器都显示 Linux Mint 启动徽标和动画，但是一旦我的登录管理器（默认为 lightdm）启动（我启用了自动登录），我的显示器所有信号均被丢弃，并回落到我服务器上的 VGA 输出。显示器在安装了 Windows AMD 驱动程序的 Windows Server 中完美工作，因此这不是显示器电缆或显示器本身的问题。奇怪的是，每当我关闭所有 3 个显示器时，它们也会工作。因此，当显示管理器打开时，显卡似乎无法工作。
我可以在 Linux Mint 启动动画后使用服务器的默认 VGA 输出，但不能通过显卡进行任何输出。以下是我尝试缓解问题的步骤：
检查内核参数，nomodeset没有设置，vga=也没有设置
确保我的内核至少为 4.10
尝试手动将 GPU 设置添加到 /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/05-graphics.conf
检查了黑名单，AMDGPU没有被列入黑名单，radeon也没有被列入黑名单（只有amd76x_edac存在，我认为这是无关的）
尝试将mgag200列入黑名单，这是VGA端口的默认驱动程序，以防它与AMDGPU混淆（这使得VGA也停止与X一起工作，所以我删除了它）
尝试重新安装Xorg
尝试了 Linux Mint MATE 19.1 和 Linux Mate Cinnamon 18.3
以下是一些用于调试正在发生的情况的命令的输出：
$ lsmod | grep amd
amdkfd 180224 1amd_iommu_v2 20480 1 amdkfdamdgpu 2703360 1chash 16384 1 amdgpui2c_algo_bit 16384 2 mgag200,amdgputtm 106496 2 mgag200,amdgpudrm_kms_helper 167936 2 mgag200,amdgpudrm 401408 7 mgag200,amdgpu,ttm,drm_kms_helper
$ dmesg | grep amd
amdkfd 180224 1
amd_iommu_v2 20480 1 amdkfd
amdgpu 2703360 1
chash 16384 1 amdgpu
i2c_algo_bit 16384 2 mgag200,amdgpu
ttm 106496 2 mgag200,amdgpu
drm_kms_helper 167936 2 mgag200,amdgpu
drm 401408 7 mgag200,amdgpu,ttm,drm_kms_helper
08:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Lexa XT [Radeon PRO WX 3100] [1002:6985]
Subsystem: Dell Lexa XT [Radeon PRO WX 3100] [1028:0b0c]
Kernel driver in use: amdgpu
Kernel modules: amdgpu
10:03.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Matrox Electronics Systems Ltd. MGA G200eW WPCM450 [102b:0532] (rev 0a)
Subsystem: Dell MGA G200eW WPCM450 [1028:02d4]
Kernel driver in use: mgag200
Kernel modules: mgag200
$ inxi -G
Graphics:
Device-1: AMD Lexa XT [Radeon PRO WX 3100] vendor: Dell driver: amdgpu
v: kernel bus ID: 08:00.0
Device-2: Matrox Systems MGA G200eW WPCM450 vendor: Dell driver: mgag200
v: kernel bus ID: 10:03.0
Display: server: X.Org 1.19.6 driver: amdgpu,ati,fbdev,vesa
unloaded: modesetting resolution: 1280x960~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: llvmpipe (LLVM 7.0 128 bits)
v: 3.3 Mesa 18.3.3 - padoka PPA direct render: Yes
$ 猫 /var/log/Xorg.0.log
[ 23.200]
X.Org X Server 1.19.6
Release Date: 2017-12-20
[ 23.201] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 23.201] Build Operating System: Linux 4.4.0-138-generic x86_64 Ubuntu
[ 23.201] Current Operating System: Linux server 4.15.0-20-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 24 06:16:15 UTC 2018 x86_64
[ 23.201] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=UUID=HIDDEN ro quiet splash vt.handoff=1
[ 23.201] Build Date: 25 October 2018 04:11:27PM
[ 23.201] xorg-server 2:1.19.6-1ubuntu4.2 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support)
[ 23.201] Current version of pixman: 0.34.0
[ 23.201] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 23.201] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 23.201] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Mon Mar 4 07:53:21 2019
[ 23.201] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 23.201] (==) No Layout section. Using the first Screen section.
[ 23.201] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[ 23.201] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[ 23.201] (**) | |-->Monitor ""
[ 23.201] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using a default monitor configuration.
[ 23.201] (==) Automatically adding devices
[ 23.201] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[ 23.201] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[ 23.201] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices
[ 23.202] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[ 23.202] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
[ 23.202] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 23.202] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/" does not exist.
[ 23.202] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 23.202] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/" does not exist.
[ 23.202] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 23.202] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" does not exist.
[ 23.202] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 23.202] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" does not exist.
[ 23.202] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 23.202] (==) FontPath set to:
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
built-ins
[ 23.202] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 23.202] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
[ 23.202] (II) Loader magic: 0x55eff6484020
[ 23.202] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 23.202] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 23.202] X.Org Video Driver: 23.0
[ 23.202] X.Org XInput driver : 24.1
[ 23.202] X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[ 23.203] (++) using VT number 7
[ 23.203] (II) systemd-logind: logind integration requires -keeptty and -keeptty was not provided, disabling logind integration
[ 23.205] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0)
[ 23.251] (--) PCI: (0:8:0:0) 1002:6985:1028:0b0c rev 0, Mem @ 0xd0000000/268435456, 0xefe00000/2097152, 0xfb280000/262144, I/O @ 0x0000ec00/256, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 23.251] (--) PCI:*(0:16:3:0) 102b:0532:1028:02d4 rev 10, Mem @ 0xf0000000/8388608, 0xfaffc000/16384, 0xfa000000/8388608, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 23.251] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 23.251] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 23.252] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.252] compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 1.0.0
[ 23.252] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[ 23.252] (II) Applying OutputClass "AMDgpu" to /dev/dri/card0
[ 23.252] loading driver: amdgpu
[ 23.253] (==) Matched amdgpu as autoconfigured driver 0
[ 23.253] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 1
[ 23.253] (==) Matched mga as autoconfigured driver 2
[ 23.253] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 3
[ 23.253] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 4
[ 23.253] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 5
[ 23.253] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[ 23.253] (II) LoadModule: "amdgpu"
[ 23.253] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/amdgpu_drv.so
[ 23.253] (II) Module amdgpu: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.253] compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 18.0.1
[ 23.253] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.253] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.253] (II) LoadModule: "ati"
[ 23.253] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/ati_drv.so
[ 23.253] (II) Module ati: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.253] compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 18.0.1
[ 23.254] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.254] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.282] (II) LoadModule: "mga"
[ 23.283] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module mga
[ 23.283] (II) UnloadModule: "mga"
[ 23.283] (II) Unloading mga
[ 23.283] (EE) Failed to load module "mga" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 23.283] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[ 23.283] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so
[ 23.283] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.283] compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 1.19.6
[ 23.283] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.283] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.283] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[ 23.284] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so
[ 23.284] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.284] compiled for 1.19.3, module version = 0.4.4
[ 23.284] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.284] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.284] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[ 23.284] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
[ 23.284] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.284] compiled for 1.19.3, module version = 2.3.4
[ 23.284] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.285] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.285] (II) Applying OutputClass "AMDgpu" to /dev/dri/card0
[ 23.285] loading driver: amdgpu
[ 23.285] (==) Matched amdgpu as autoconfigured driver 0
[ 23.285] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 1
[ 23.285] (==) Matched mga as autoconfigured driver 2
[ 23.285] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 3
[ 23.285] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 4
[ 23.285] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 5
[ 23.285] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[ 23.285] (II) LoadModule: "amdgpu"
[ 23.285] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/amdgpu_drv.so
[ 23.285] (II) Module amdgpu: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.285] compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 18.0.1
[ 23.285] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.285] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.285] (II) LoadModule: "ati"
[ 23.285] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/ati_drv.so
[ 23.286] (II) Module ati: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.286] compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 18.0.1
[ 23.286] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.286] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.286] (II) LoadModule: "mga"
[ 23.286] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module mga
[ 23.286] (II) UnloadModule: "mga"
[ 23.286] (II) Unloading mga
[ 23.286] (EE) Failed to load module "mga" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 23.286] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[ 23.286] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so
[ 23.287] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.287] compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 1.19.6
[ 23.287] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.287] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.287] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"
[ 23.287] (II) Unloading modesetting
[ 23.287] (II) Failed to load module "modesetting" (already loaded, 0)
[ 23.287] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[ 23.287] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so
[ 23.287] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.287] compiled for 1.19.3, module version = 0.4.4
[ 23.287] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.287] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.287] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"
[ 23.287] (II) Unloading fbdev
[ 23.287] (II) Failed to load module "fbdev" (already loaded, 0)
[ 23.287] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[ 23.287] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
[ 23.287] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.288] compiled for 1.19.3, module version = 2.3.4
[ 23.288] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 23.288] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.288] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa"
[ 23.288] (II) Unloading vesa
[ 23.288] (II) Failed to load module "vesa" (already loaded, 0)
[ 23.288] (II) AMDGPU: Driver for AMD Radeon:
All GPUs supported by the amdgpu kernel driver
[ 23.288] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms
[ 23.288] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
[ 23.288] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa
[ 23.299] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting
[ 23.316] (II) modeset(1): using default device
[ 23.316] (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw"
[ 23.316] (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw"
[ 23.316] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so
[ 23.316] (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 23.316] compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 0.0.2
[ 23.316] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 23.316] (**) FBDEV(2): claimed PCI slot 16@0:3:0
[ 23.316] (II) FBDEV(2): using default device
[ 23.316] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for vesa
[ 23.316] (II) [KMS] Kernel modesetting enabled.
[ 23.333] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[ 23.333] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"
[ 23.333] (EE)
Fatal server error:
[ 23.333] (EE) Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs for all framebuffer devices
[ 23.333] (EE)
[ 23.333] (EE)
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
at http://wiki.x.org
for help.
[ 23.333] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[ 23.333] (EE)
[ 23.350] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
$ sudo lshw -c 显示
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Lexa XT [Radeon PRO WX 3100]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:08:00.0
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=amdgpu latency=0
resources: irq:40 memory:d0000000-dfffffff memory:efe00000-efffffff ioport:ec00(size=256) memory:fb280000-fb2bffff memory:fb2c0000-fb2dffff
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: MGA G200eW WPCM450
vendor: Matrox Electronics Systems Ltd.
physical id: 3
bus info: pci@0000:10:03.0
version: 0a
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=mgag200 latency=64 maxlatency=32 mingnt=16
resources: irq:19 memory:f0000000-f07fffff memory:faffc000-faffffff memory:fa000000-fa7fffff memory:c0000-dffff
正如您所看到的，X11 甚至没有检测到显示器。
答案1
建议您添加mgag200.modeset=0到 GRUB 引导行，这对我来说比将 mgag200 列入黑名单更有效。该解决方案是在https://ask.fedoraproject.org/en/question/132035/fedora-28-server-install-failure/并来自https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=783783