好吧，长话短说：我使用的是 Windows 8。它运行良好。当更新到 Windows 10 时，进程中断，破坏了我的 Windows 安装。
我格式化并重新安装了 Windows。很好。
过了几个月，它就无法启动了。好的。
我再次格式化，重新安装 Windows。然后，当 Windows 自行更新时，在特定更新之后它不再启动。重复上述步骤，我再次格式化、安装 Windows，它更新，并且不再启动。
现在我想找出问题所在。是硬盘、其他硬件还是更新？
现在我使用的是可启动的 Ubuntu 棒。我试图弄清楚我的硬件是否坏了，由于 Ubuntu 运行正常，我推测计算机（可能没有硬盘）运行正常。
使用smartctl我得到了以下报告，粘贴在pastbin上：
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
Device Model: ST9500325AS
Serial Number: 5VE0VSAH
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0139b26cc
Firmware Version: 0001SDM1
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Sat May 28 16:53:57 2016 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 140) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 104 076 006 Pre-fail Always - 68954612
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 099 099 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 097 097 020 Old_age Always - 3350
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 066 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 438506601361
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 077 077 000 Old_age Always - 20514
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 097 037 020 Old_age Always - 3314
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 076 076 099 Old_age Always FAILING_NOW 24
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 10156
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 098 000 Old_age Always - 592
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 062 048 045 Old_age Always - 38 (Min/Max 27/38)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 5
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 469038
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 038 052 000 Old_age Always - 38 (0 11 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 044 040 000 Old_age Always - 68954612
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 3
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 10726 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 10726 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 20513 hours (854 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 d8 cc 06 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0006ccd8 = 445656
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 d1 cc 06 e0 00 00:00:31.281 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 87 b9 13 e0 00 00:00:31.280 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 c9 cc 06 e0 00 00:00:31.280 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 c1 cc 06 e0 00 00:00:31.279 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 8f b9 13 e0 00 00:00:31.279 READ DMA EXT
Error 10725 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 20513 hours (854 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 d8 cc 06 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0006ccd8 = 445656
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 40 99 cc 06 e0 00 00:00:28.805 READ DMA EXT
25 00 40 59 cc 06 e0 00 00:00:28.803 READ DMA EXT
25 00 40 19 cc 06 e0 00 00:00:28.801 READ DMA EXT
25 00 40 99 ca 06 e0 00 00:00:28.798 READ DMA EXT
25 00 40 59 ca 06 e0 00 00:00:28.787 READ DMA EXT
Error 10724 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 20513 hours (854 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 d8 cc 06 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0006ccd8 = 445656
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 00 b9 c9 06 e0 00 00:00:26.276 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 b9 c8 06 e0 00 00:00:26.262 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 3f 74 62 e0 00 00:00:26.247 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 57 a8 61 e0 00 00:00:26.241 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 77 1c 61 e0 00 00:00:26.226 READ DMA EXT
Error 10723 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 20513 hours (854 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 d8 cc 06 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0006ccd8 = 445656
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 40 99 cc 06 e0 00 00:11:40.047 READ DMA EXT
25 00 40 59 cc 06 e0 00 00:11:40.044 READ DMA EXT
25 00 40 19 cc 06 e0 00 00:11:40.044 READ DMA EXT
25 00 40 d9 cb 06 e0 00 00:11:40.043 READ DMA EXT
25 00 40 99 cb 06 e0 00 00:11:40.043 READ DMA EXT
Error 10722 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 20513 hours (854 days + 17 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 d8 cc 06 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0006ccd8 = 445656
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 00 b9 c9 06 e0 00 00:11:37.591 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 b9 c8 06 e0 00 00:11:37.580 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 8f 24 61 e0 00 00:11:37.578 READ DMA EXT
25 00 8d 19 6d 07 e0 00 00:11:37.565 READ DMA EXT
25 00 7a 8e 6c 07 e0 00 00:11:37.564 READ DMA EXT
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 20514 445656
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
我不确定这一切意味着什么，我相信即使一切基本正常，它通常也会出现一些错误，所以我无法弄清楚这是否意味着严重损害。
我基本上只是想知道我是否应该升级到 SSD 并在其上安装 Windows 10 或者在我当前的硬盘上尝试安装 Windows 10。
答案1
现在我想找出问题所在。是硬盘的问题吗？
从您的 SMART 报告中：
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
...
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 076 076 099 Old_age Always FAILING_NOW 24
根据上述报告你的磁盘出现故障。
建议紧急备份数据并更换硬件。
硬盘，支持此属性
三星、希捷、IBM（日立）、富士通、迈拓、西部数据、惠普
描述
端到端错误 SMART 参数是 HP SMART IV 技术的一部分，它表示在通过缓存 RAM 数据缓冲区传输后，主机和硬盘之间的奇偶校验数据不匹配。有关详细信息，请参阅HP 的 SMART IV 文档。
建议
这是一个关键参数。该参数的下降可能预示着驱动器即将发生故障。建议紧急备份数据并更换硬件。
背景阅读
SMART IV 的工作原理
SMART IV 使用 2 字节奇偶校验码，使其能够更好地检测数据在硬盘数据缓冲区传输过程中是否有效。如果奇偶校验数据在通过缓存 RAM 数据缓冲区传输后不匹配，则根据命令，驱动器可以执行后台重试以再次获取数据或向主机报告错误消息。
在磁盘读取过程中，数据从磁盘传输后会生成一个 2 字节奇偶校验码。从数据缓冲区传输到驱动器接口后，会检查奇偶校验数据（见图 1）。
在磁盘写入期间，会生成一个 2 字节奇偶校验码并将其附加到进入数据缓冲区的数据中。在数据进入数据缓冲区和写入磁盘之前，都会对奇偶校验码进行检查（见图 2）。
如果驱动器检测到错误，并且无法成功检索或发送数据，则将通过协议通知主机操作系统该错误。然后，主机操作系统可以决定重新发送命令或通知用户可能发生了数据错误。
如果检测到错误，则更新名为“端到端错误检测计数”的 SMART 属性。如果超过 SMART 阈值，则通过操作系统中安装的客户端管理软件或下次重新启动时由 HP BIOS 向用户报告即将发生的故障错误消息。由于所有 HP BIOS 都会发出 SMART 状态命令，因此无需其他软件。
