我的笔记本上通过 expresscard 插着一块 660TI。我知道 expresscard 插槽支持 PCIe-2.0 速度；
当我在安装驱动程序之前插入显卡时，它会显示为 Microsoft Basic Video 适配器。
lspci -s 03:00.0 -vvv 如下所示：
>lspci -s 03:00.0 -vv
03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK104 [GeForce GTX 660 Ti] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device 2845
Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 18
Region 1: Memory at <unassigned> (64-bit, prefetchable) [disabled]
Region 3: Memory at <unassigned> (64-bit, prefetchable) [disabled]
Region 5: I/O ports at <unassigned> [disabled]
Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
Status: D0 NoSoftRst+ PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000
Capabilities: [78] Express (v2) Endpoint, MSI 00
DevCap: MaxPayload 256 bytes, PhantFunc 0, Latency L0s unlimited, L1 <64us
ExtTag+ AttnBtn- AttnInd- PwrInd- RBE+ FLReset-
DevCtl: Report errors: Correctable- Non-Fatal- Fatal- Unsupported-
RlxdOrd+ ExtTag+ PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop+
MaxPayload 128 bytes, MaxReadReq 512 bytes
DevSta: CorrErr- UncorrErr- FatalErr- UnsuppReq- AuxPwr- TransPend-
LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 8GT/s, Width x16, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <4us
ClockPM+ Surprise- LLActRep- BwNot- ASPMOptComp+
LnkCtl: ASPM Disabled; RCB 64 bytes Disabled- CommClk-
ExtSynch- ClockPM- AutWidDis- BWInt- AutBWInt-
LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
DevCap2: Completion Timeout: Range AB, TimeoutDis+, LTR-, OBFF Not Supported
DevCtl2: Completion Timeout: 50us to 50ms, TimeoutDis-, LTR-, OBFF Disabled
LnkCtl2: Target Link Speed: 8GT/s, EnterCompliance- SpeedDis-
Transmit Margin: Normal Operating Range, EnterModifiedCompliance- ComplianceSOS-
Compliance De-emphasis: -6dB
LnkSta2: Current De-emphasis Level: -6dB, EqualizationComplete-, EqualizationPhase1-
EqualizationPhase2-, EqualizationPhase3-, LinkEqualizationRequest-
Capabilities: [b4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
00: de 10 83 11 00 00 10 00 a1 00 00 03 00 00 80 00
10: 00 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00
20: 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 62 14 45 28
30: 00 00 00 00 60 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00
40: 62 14 45 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
50: 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 ce d6 23 00 00 00 00 00
60: 01 68 03 00 08 00 00 00 05 78 80 00 00 00 00 00
70: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 b4 02 00 e1 8d 90 05
80: 10 29 00 00 03 3d 45 00 40 01 11 10 00 00 00 00
90: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 13 00 00 00
a0: 00 00 00 00 0e 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
b0: 00 00 00 00 09 00 14 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
c0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
d0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
e0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
f0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
GPU-Z 显示：
所以GPU-Z和lspci都表明显卡支持PCIe 3.0（8GT/s）。
但是，当我安装 nvidia 驱动程序时，lspci 看起来像这样：
>lspci -s 03:00.0 -vv
03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK104 [GeForce GTX 660 Ti] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device 2845
pcilib: 0000:03:00.0 64-bit device address ignored.
pcilib: 0000:03:00.0 64-bit device address ignored.
Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 18
Region 0: Memory at f1000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled]
Region 1: Memory at <ignored> (64-bit, prefetchable) [disabled]
Region 3: Memory at <ignored> (64-bit, prefetchable) [disabled]
Region 5: I/O ports at <unassigned> [disabled]
Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
Status: D3 NoSoftRst+ PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000
Capabilities: [78] Express (v1) Endpoint, MSI 00
DevCap: MaxPayload 256 bytes, PhantFunc 0, Latency L0s unlimited, L1 <64us
ExtTag+ AttnBtn- AttnInd- PwrInd- RBE+ FLReset-
DevCtl: Report errors: Correctable- Non-Fatal- Fatal- Unsupported-
RlxdOrd+ ExtTag+ PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop+
MaxPayload 128 bytes, MaxReadReq 512 bytes
DevSta: CorrErr- UncorrErr- FatalErr- UnsuppReq- AuxPwr- TransPend-
LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x16, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <4us
ClockPM+ Surprise- LLActRep- BwNot- ASPMOptComp+
LnkCtl: ASPM Disabled; RCB 64 bytes Disabled- CommClk-
ExtSynch- ClockPM+ AutWidDis- BWInt- AutBWInt-
LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
Capabilities: [b4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
00: de 10 83 11 00 04 10 00 a1 00 00 03 00 00 80 00
10: 00 00 00 f1 0c 00 00 00 0e 00 00 00 0c 00 00 08
20: 0e 00 00 00 81 3f 00 00 00 00 00 00 62 14 45 28
30: 00 00 00 00 60 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 12 01 00 00
40: 62 14 45 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
50: 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 ce d6 23 00 00 00 00 00
60: 01 68 03 00 0b 00 00 00 05 78 80 00 00 00 00 00
70: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 b4 01 00 e1 8d 90 05
80: 10 29 00 00 01 3d 45 00 00 01 11 10 00 00 00 00
90: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00
a0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
b0: 00 00 00 00 09 00 14 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
c0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
d0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
e0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
f0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
GPU-Z 输出现在如下所示：
如您所见，显卡现在报告它只能支持 PCIe 1.1（2.5GT/s）
我的问题是，如何使用 setpci 将链接速度设置为 PCIe 2.0/（5GT/s）？操作系统是 Windows 10 Pro