我使用安装在瘦客户端上的 Linux Mint 19.1。但我在使用内核 4.15 时遇到了问题（在以太网端口上连接的 VoIP 无法正常工作），因此我将内核更改为 4.4 来解决该问题。当我更改内核时，HDMI 音频出现故障。我尝试了很多方法来解决这个问题，但我做不到。
我安装了帕武控制在电脑上，然后发现一些奇怪的事情。对于 4.15 内核，状态端口是插入的，但对于内核 4.4，状态端口是拔出的。详情如下：
具有内核 4.4 的 pacmd list-sinks：
pacmd list-sinks
1 sink(s) available.
* index: 0
name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_0e.0.hdmi-stereo>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: SUSPENDED
suspend cause: IDLE
priority: 9030
volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB, front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
balance 0,00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0,00 ms
max request: 0 KiB
max rewind: 0 KiB
monitor source: 0
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 0,00 ms; range is 0,50 .. 371,52 ms
card: 0 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_0e.0>
module: 7
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "HDMI 0"
alsa.id = "HDMI 0"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "3"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0x91410000 irq 129"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:0e.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0e.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "5a98"
device.product.name = "Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Audio Cluster"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "hdmi:0"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "65536"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "32768"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "hdmi-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Digital Stereo (HDMI)"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (HDMI)"
alsa.mixer_name = "Realtek ALC283"
alsa.components = "HDA:10ec0283,1019983e,00100003 HDA:8086280a,80860101,00100000"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
ports:
hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (priority 5900, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
active port: <hdmi-output-0>
Pacmd 列表卡
pacmd list-cards
1 card(s) available.
index: 0
name: <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_0e.0>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
owner module: 7
properties:
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0x91410000 irq 129"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:0e.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0e.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "5a98"
device.product.name = "Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Audio Cluster"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "0"
device.description = "Built-in Audio"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
profiles:
input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Input (priority 60, available: unknown)
output:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Output (priority 6000, available: no)
output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Duplex (priority 6060, available: unknown)
output:hdmi-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output (priority 5400, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo+input:analog-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output + Analog Stereo Input (priority 5460, available: unknown)
output:hdmi-surround: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI) Output (priority 300, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround+input:analog-stereo: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI) Output + Analog Stereo Input (priority 360, available: unknown)
output:hdmi-surround71: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI) Output (priority 300, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71+input:analog-stereo: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI) Output + Analog Stereo Input (priority 360, available: unknown)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra1: Digital Stereo (HDMI 2) Output (priority 5200, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra1+input:analog-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI 2) Output + Analog Stereo Input (priority 5260, available: unknown)
output:hdmi-surround-extra1: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 2) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround-extra1+input:analog-stereo: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 2) Output + Analog Stereo Input (priority 160, available: unknown)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra1: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 2) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra1+input:analog-stereo: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 2) Output + Analog Stereo Input (priority 160, available: unknown)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra2: Digital Stereo (HDMI 3) Output (priority 5200, available: no)
output:hdmi-stereo-extra2+input:analog-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI 3) Output + Analog Stereo Input (priority 5260, available: unknown)
output:hdmi-surround-extra2: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 3) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround-extra2+input:analog-stereo: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 3) Output + Analog Stereo Input (priority 160, available: unknown)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra2: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 3) Output (priority 100, available: no)
output:hdmi-surround71-extra2+input:analog-stereo: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 3) Output + Analog Stereo Input (priority 160, available: unknown)
off: Off (priority 0, available: unknown)
active profile: <output:hdmi-stereo+input:analog-stereo>
sinks:
alsa_output.pci-0000_00_0e.0.hdmi-stereo/#0: Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (HDMI)
sources:
alsa_output.pci-0000_00_0e.0.hdmi-stereo.monitor/#0: Monitor of Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (HDMI)
alsa_input.pci-0000_00_0e.0.analog-stereo/#1: Built-in Audio Analog Stereo
ports:
analog-input-internal-mic: Internal Microphone (priority 8900, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
analog-input-mic: Microphone (priority 8700, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority 9000, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-headphones"
hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (priority 5900, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
hdmi-output-1: HDMI / DisplayPort 2 (priority 5800, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
hdmi-output-2: HDMI / DisplayPort 3 (priority 5700, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
我的硬件配置：
lspci -v
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Host Bridge (rev 0b)
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Host Bridge
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 5a85 (rev 0b) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Device 9cc7
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 255
Memory at 90000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at 80000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
I/O ports at f000 [size=64]
Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled]
Capabilities: [40] Vendor Specific Information: Len=0c <?>
Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [ac] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2
Capabilities: [100] Process Address Space ID (PASID)
Capabilities: [200] Address Translation Service (ATS)
Capabilities: [300] Page Request Interface (PRI)
Kernel modules: i915
00:0e.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Audio Cluster (rev 0b) (prog-if 80)
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Audio Cluster
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 32, IRQ 129
Memory at 91410000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Memory at 91000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [80] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
00:0f.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Trusted Execution Engine (rev 0b)
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Trusted Execution Engine
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 127
Memory at 9141f000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [8c] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [a4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Kernel driver in use: mei_me
Kernel modules: mei_me
00:12.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series SATA AHCI Controller (rev 0b) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series SATA AHCI Controller
Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 124
Memory at 91414000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Memory at 9141c000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
I/O ports at f090 [size=8]
I/O ports at f080 [size=4]
I/O ports at f060 [size=32]
Memory at 9141b000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K]
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [a8] SATA HBA v1.0
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci
00:13.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series PCI Express Port A #1 (rev fb) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 120
Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000e000-0000efff
Memory behind bridge: 91300000-913fffff
Capabilities: [40] Express Root Port (Slot+), MSI 00
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [90] Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series PCI Express Port A
Capabilities: [a0] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [100] #00
Capabilities: [140] Access Control Services
Capabilities: [150] #00
Capabilities: [200] L1 PM Substates
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:13.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series PCI Express Port A #2 (rev fb) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 121
Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
Memory behind bridge: 91200000-912fffff
Capabilities: [40] Express Root Port (Slot+), MSI 00
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [90] Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series PCI Express Port A
Capabilities: [a0] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [100] #00
Capabilities: [140] Access Control Services
Capabilities: [150] #00
Capabilities: [200] L1 PM Substates
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:13.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series PCI Express Port A #3 (rev fb) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 122
Bus: primary=00, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000d000-0000dfff
Memory behind bridge: 91100000-911fffff
Capabilities: [40] Express Root Port (Slot+), MSI 00
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [90] Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series PCI Express Port A
Capabilities: [a0] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [100] #00
Capabilities: [140] Access Control Services
Capabilities: [150] #00
Capabilities: [200] L1 PM Substates
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:15.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series USB xHCI (rev 0b) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series USB xHCI
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 123
Memory at 91400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 2
Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/8 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [90] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
00:1a.0 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series PWM Pin Controller (rev 0b)
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series PWM Pin Controller
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 255
Memory at 9141a000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Memory at 91419000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [90] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Kernel driver in use: pwm-lpss
Kernel modules: pwm_lpss_pci
00:1c.0 SD Host controller: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series eMMC Controller (rev 0b) (prog-if 01)
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series eMMC Controller
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 39
Memory at 91418000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Memory at 91417000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [90] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
Kernel driver in use: sdhci-pci
Kernel modules: sdhci_pci
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Low Pin Count Interface (rev 0b)
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series Low Pin Count Interface
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0
00:1f.1 SMBus: Intel Corporation Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series SMBus Controller (rev 0b)
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems Celeron N3350/Pentium N4200/Atom E3900 Series SMBus Controller
Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 255
Memory at 91416000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
I/O ports at f040 [size=32]
Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 125
I/O ports at e000 [size=256]
Memory at 91304000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Memory at 91300000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 01
Capabilities: [b0] MSI-X: Enable- Count=4 Masked-
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [140] Virtual Channel
Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 01-00-00-00-68-4c-e0-00
Capabilities: [170] Latency Tolerance Reporting
Capabilities: [178] L1 PM Substates
Kernel driver in use: r8169
Kernel modules: r8169
02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 3165 (rev 81)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Dual Band Wireless AC 3165
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 128
Memory at 91200000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Capabilities: [c8] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [d0] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [40] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number ac-ed-5c-ff-ff-fc-b9-df
Capabilities: [14c] Latency Tolerance Reporting
Capabilities: [154] L1 PM Substates
Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
Kernel modules: iwlwifi
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
Subsystem: Elitegroup Computer Systems RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 126
I/O ports at d000 [size=256]
Memory at 91104000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Memory at 91100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 01
Capabilities: [b0] MSI-X: Enable- Count=4 Masked-
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [140] Virtual Channel
Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 01-00-00-00-68-4c-e0-00
Capabilities: [170] Latency Tolerance Reporting
Capabilities: [178] L1 PM Substates
Kernel driver in use: r8169
Kernel modules: r8169
是否可以在不更新内核的情况下使用 HDMI 音频？