我正在尝试通过 ssh 进入我无法控制的 CentOS 服务器...管理员已将我的公钥添加到服务器并坚持认为错误在于我,但我无法弄清楚问题出在哪里。
.ssh 中的配置:
tim@tim-UX31A:~$ cat ~/.ssh/config
User root
PasswordAuthentication no
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
我的密钥文件的权限:
tim@tim-UX31A:~$ ls -l ~/.ssh/id_rsa*
-rw------- 1 tim tim 3326 Okt 20 17:28 /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 tim tim 746 Okt 20 17:28 /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
我不明白的连接日志:
tim@tim-UX31A:~$ ssh -vvv [email protected]
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/tim/.ssh/config
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "10.0.12.28" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to 10.0.12.28 [10.0.12.28] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.6.1
debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.6.1 pat OpenSSH_6.6.1* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to 10.0.12.28:22 as 'root'
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts:3
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 10.0.12.28
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug3: send packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug3: receive packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug2: ciphers ctos: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected]
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug3: send packet: type 30
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug3: receive packet: type 31
debug1: Server host key:
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts:3
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 10.0.12.28
debug1: Host '10.0.12.28' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/tim/.ssh/known_hosts:3
debug3: send packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug3: receive packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: key: /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa (0x55ee619ab2b0), explicit, agent
debug2: key: /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa (0x55ee619bcfa0), agent
debug2: key: tim@Tim-UX31A-Debian (0x55ee619b9370), agent
debug3: send packet: type 5
debug3: receive packet: type 6
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-keyex
debug3: remaining preferred: gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-keyex
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex
debug1: No valid Key exchange context
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-with-mic
debug3: remaining preferred: publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/tim/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Offering RSA public key: tim@Tim-UX31A-Debian
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
答案1
这通常可以解决大多数 SSH 授权密钥权限问题在服务器端,假设有人没有对权限进行额外的更改。
# paste these into an SSH session that server (probably from
# another user account or root)
# change this to YOUR username on the server.
YOURUSER=example
# paste these lines verbatim:
sudo chown $YOURUSER:$YOURUSER /home/$YOURUSER/{.,.ssh/,.ssh/authorized_keys}
sudo chmod u+rwX,go-rwX,-t /home/$YOURUSER/{.ssh/,.ssh/authorized_keys}
sudo chmod go-w /home/$YOURUSER/
(这是什么用户化在其“shim”脚本中自动执行更新并修复基于团队 Web 仪表板中的更改的任何权限问题。)
如果你的管理员以 root 身份创建了 .ssh/ 目录或 .ssh/authorized_keys 文件(这是最常见的问题所在),那么不允许其他用户拥有该文件,即使该用户是根。
答案2
我在两台服务器上遇到了完全相同的问题:一台运行 Debian 延伸版的 Linux 和一台 NAS(Synology DS715)
事实证明,在这两种情况下,服务器上的主目录权限都是错误的
服务器上的 auth.log 非常有用
Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /home/cyril
在 Linux 上,它有写入/组位 (drwxrwxr--x),所以我必须至少删除组的写入 (chmod gw ~/),然后它才能工作
在 Synology 上,无论出于什么原因,有一个粘滞位
drwx--x--x+ 4 toto users 4096 Jan 6 12:11 /var/services/homes/toto
我必须将其更改为
chmod -t ~/
然后我就可以不用密码连接了
答案3
使用 CentOS 7 时,我相信这也适用于使用 sshd 的其他 Linux 操作系统。通过 root 访问权限,您可以确定身份验证失败的原因。为此:
- 启用守护进程的
sshd
日志记录:sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
- 在日志取消注释下:
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO
- 更改
LogLevel
为INFO
DEBUG
- 保存并退出
- 使用以下命令重新启动 SSH 守护程序
sudo systemctl restart sshd
- 查看消息文件
tail -l /var/log/messages
- 使用另一个终端,尝试使用 ssh 连接
- 尝试连接
ssh
- 查看身份验证日志以了解确切原因
例如,我遇到了一些与上述相同的问题。
Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys
通过这些步骤,我能够确认问题出在authorized_keys
文件权限上。通过设置我的用户的chmod 644
文件authorized_keys
,问题得到了解决。
答案4
我有过类似的问题,其中 ssh 连接尝试使用 key ~/.ssh/id_rsa
,然后意外停止:
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
就我而言,这是由于.ssh
目录中存在一个旧的公钥文件:
[gitlab-runner@validation-k8s-1 ~]$ ll .ssh/id_rsa*
total 16
-rw------- 1 gitlab-runner gitlab-runner 1675 Sep 18 18:02 id_rsa --> new private key
-rw-r--r--. 1 gitlab-runner gitlab-runner 423 Jun 12 13:51 id_rsa.pub --> old public key
id_rsa.pub
从目录中移动/删除.ssh
解决了该问题。
据我所知:当客户端有公钥时,SSH 首先会根据该公钥验证私钥。如果验证失败,则不会尝试使用私钥进行远程连接。
我向 openssh 邮件列表发送了一封电子邮件:https://lists.mindrot.org/pipermail/openssh-unix-dev/2016-April/035048.html。