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如何使用 shell 脚本判断系统是 Fedora 还是 Debian

tag-icon • tag-icon linux bash debian unix fedora
如何使用 shell 脚本判断系统是 Fedora 还是 Debian

我正在学习脚本编写的基础知识，并尝试编写一个脚本来决定该脚本在哪种 Linux 上运行。我想出了一个简单的版本，如下所示：

#!/bin/sh
     which yum >/dev/null && { echo Fedora flavour; exit 0; }
     which zypper >/dev/null && { echo Suse of sorts; exit 0; }
     which apt-get >/dev/null && { echo Debian based;  }

有没有更优雅的方式来决定我运行的 Linux 版本？有没有办法包含 Unix - 或者让它成为任何类型的 Xnix 的通用版本？

多谢。

编辑：这不是重复的如何识别正在使用的 Linux 发行版？原因如下：对于 Ubuntu 来说，cat /etc/lsb-release它非常有效；但对于 RedHat 来说，它却不行。它 ls /etc/*release有效果，但是它列出了三个文件夹。cat /proc/version看起来很有希望，但需要一些正则表达式魔法。

答案1

在现代 Fedora 和 Debian（以及 Arch、CentOS、CoreOS、Mageia、openSUSE、Red Hat Enterprise Linux、SUSE Linux Enterprise Server、Ubuntu 和其他系统上）最简单的方法是查看/etc/os-release或运行hostnamectl status。

在脚本中，你可以简单地执行

#!/bin/sh
source /etc/os-release
echo $PRETTY_NAME

当然，如果您还需要识别旧版本或非 systemd 发行版，您可以简单地从上述方法开始，但如果/etc/os-release不存在，则跳转到进一步的启发式方法。

看检测 Linux 发行版名称和版本有关更多信息，请参阅 Stack Overflow 文档。

答案2

我尝试过：

cat /etc/*release | grep "^ID="

我也在 Ubuntu 和 Centos 上得到了它。

答案3

我将分享我正在编写的一个脚本的代码，该脚本支持超过 12 种不同的 Linux 系统并检测系统是否基于 Arm。一开始有一个数组，您必须在其中放置您支持的 Linux。它有两个阶段。第一个阶段是根据 uname 命令的输出在数组中搜索单词。第二个阶段是检查 /etc 中是否存在依赖于发行版的特殊内容。

#!/bin/bash

is_arm=0

#Distros vars
known_compatible_distros=(
                        "Wifislax"
                        "Kali"
                        "Parrot"
                        "Backbox"
                        "Blackarch"
                        "Cyborg"
                        "Ubuntu"
                        "Debian"
                        "SuSE"
                        "CentOS"
                        "Gentoo"
                        "Fedora"
                        "Red Hat"
                        "Arch"
                        "OpenMandriva"
                    )

known_arm_compatible_distros=(
                        "Raspbian"
                        "Parrot arm"
                        "Kali arm"
                    )

#First phase of Linux distro detection based on uname output
function detect_distro_phase1() {

    for i in "${known_compatible_distros[@]}"; do
        uname -a | grep "${i}" -i > /dev/null
        if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
            distro="${i^}"
            break
        fi
    done
}

#Second phase of Linux distro detection based on architecture and version file
function detect_distro_phase2() {

    if [ "${distro}" = "Unknown Linux" ]; then
        if [ -f ${osversionfile_dir}"centos-release" ]; then
            distro="CentOS"
        elif [ -f ${osversionfile_dir}"fedora-release" ]; then
            distro="Fedora"
        elif [ -f ${osversionfile_dir}"gentoo-release" ]; then
            distro="Gentoo"
        elif [ -f ${osversionfile_dir}"openmandriva-release" ]; then
            distro="OpenMandriva"
        elif [ -f ${osversionfile_dir}"redhat-release" ]; then
            distro="Red Hat"
        elif [ -f ${osversionfile_dir}"SuSE-release" ]; then
            distro="SuSE"
        elif [ -f ${osversionfile_dir}"debian_version" ]; then
            distro="Debian"
            if [ -f ${osversionfile_dir}"os-release" ]; then
                extra_os_info=$(cat < ${osversionfile_dir}"os-release" | grep "PRETTY_NAME")
                if [[ "${extra_os_info}" =~ Raspbian ]]; then
                    distro="Raspbian"
                    is_arm=1
                elif [[ "${extra_os_info}" =~ Parrot ]]; then
                    distro="Parrot arm"
                    is_arm=1
                fi
            fi
        fi
    fi

    detect_arm_architecture
}

#Detect if arm architecture is present on system
function detect_arm_architecture() {

    distro_already_known=0
    uname -m | grep -i "arm" > /dev/null

    if [[ "$?" = "0" ]] && [[ "${distro}" != "Unknown Linux" ]]; then

        for item in "${known_arm_compatible_distros[@]}"; do
            if [ "${distro}" = "${item}" ]; then
                distro_already_known=1
            fi
        done

        if [ ${distro_already_known} -eq 0 ]; then
            distro="${distro} arm"
            is_arm=1
        fi
    fi
}

detect_distro_phase1
detect_distro_phase2

echo "${distro}"
echo "${is_arm}"

当然它可以改进...也许将“elif”链更改为案例或类似的东西...但这完全有效。我希望它对你有帮助。

答案4

因此，我对此感到困惑，经过一天的挖掘后发现了这一点： http://linuxmafia.com/faq/Admin/release-files.html

然后又经过一天的工作/合并和测试，得到了以下脚本，该脚本实际上已经过测试运行

  • 索拉里斯
  • 红帽
  • Ubuntu
  • 苏瑟

如果你们有办法检查其他发行版，我将不胜感激。

#!/bin/sh
# Detects which OS and if it is Linux then it will detect which Linux
# Distribution.
# from http://linuxmafia.com/faq/Admin/release-files.html
#


OS=`uname -s`
REV=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`

GetVersionFromFile()
{
    VERSION=`cat $1 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*VERSION.*=\ // `
}

if [ "${OS}" = "Darwin" ]; then
    OIFS="$IFS"
    IFS=$'\n'
    set `sw_vers` > /dev/null
    DIST=`echo $1 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed 's/ProductName:[ ]*//'`
    VERSION=`echo $2 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed 's/ProductVersion:[ ]*//'`
    BUILD=`echo $3 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed 's/BuildVersion:[ ]*//'`
    OSSTR="${OS} ${DIST} ${REV}(SORRY_NO_PSEUDONAME ${BUILD} ${MACH})"
    IFS="$OIFS"

elif [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
    OS=Solaris
    ARCH=`uname -p` 
    OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"

elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
    OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
    KERNEL=`uname -r`
    if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
        DIST='RedHat'
        PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
        REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
    elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
        DIST=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
        REV=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
    elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
        DIST='Mandrake'
        PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
        REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
    elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
        DIST="Debian `cat /etc/debian_version`"
        REV=""
    elif [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
        DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
    fi

    OSSTR="${OS} ${DIST} ${REV}(${PSUEDONAME} ${KERNEL} ${MACH})"

fi

echo ${OSSTR}

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