我有一个开放的 ldap 服务器：
IP ：192.168.0.70（戴尔）
译注：
（通过 ldapphpadmin 查看）
对于 patricia duchesne 来说：
dn cn=patricia duchesne,ou=users,dc=memorandum,dc=pro
cn patricia duchesne
gidnumber 501
givenname patricia
homedirectory /home/users/pduchesne
loginshell /bin/bash
objectclass inetOrgPerson | posixAccount | top
sn duchesne
uid pduchesne
uidnumber 1000
userpassword {MD5}eFI0F0...
然后我有一个 LDAP 客户端：
IP ：192.168.0.60（PB）
NSSWitch 配置如下：
$cat /etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files ldap
group: files ldap
shadow: files ldap
gshadow: files
hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns
networks: files
protocols: db files
services: db files
ethers: db files
rpc: db files
netgroup: nis
ldap-auth 也是如此：
$ cat /etc/auth-client-config/profile.d/ldap-auth-config
[lac_ldap]
nss_passwd=passwd: files ldap
nss_group=group: files ldap
nss_shadow=shadow: files ldap
nss_netgroup=netgroup: nis
和 libnss：
$ cat /etc/libnss-ldap.conf
uri ldap://192.168.0.70
base dc=memorandum,dc=pro
我可以获取 ldap 用户信息：
$ getent passwd | tail -n 1
pduchesne:*:1000:501:patricia duchesne:/home/users/pduchesne:/bin/bash
但我无法连接：
来自 IP ：192.168.0.80
$ ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied (publickey,password).
我错过了什么？
我查看了数百个网页，却找不到设置所有这些的方法 :( https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LDAPClientAuthentication https://askubuntu.com/questions/127389/how-to-configure-ubuntu-as-an-ldap-client https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-authenticate-client-computers-using-ldap-on-an-ubuntu-12-04-vps
找到此页面：https://www.vincentliefooghe.net/content/openldap-gestion-des-logs 我意识到我不知道 ldap 日志在哪里 :-(
编辑
下列的 ：https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LDAPClientAuthentication
192.168.0.60 上的 PAM 配置：
$ cat /usr/share/pam-configs/my_mkhomedir
Name: activate mkhomedir
Default: yes
Priority: 900
Session-Type: Additional
Session:
required pam_mkhomedir.so umask=0022 skel=/etc/skel
更新 ：
$ sudo pam-auth-update
[sudo] password for romain:
LDAP Password:
文件
$ cat /etc/security/group.conf
有完整评论
我没有使用 nscd ：
$ /etc/init.d/nscd stop
[....] Stopping nscd (via systemctl): nscd.service==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units ===
Authentication is required to stop 'nscd.service'.
Authenticating as: romain,,, (romain)
Password:
LDAP Password:
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===
. ok
我没有使用 [ LDAP 主机访问授权 ] 段落。我应该使用吗？
编辑2
详细 ssh ：
romain@Mac:~$ ssh -v pduchesne@pb
OpenSSH_6.9p1, LibreSSL 2.1.8
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for *
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 102: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to pb [192.168.0.60] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /Users/romain/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/romain/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/romain/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/romain/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/romain/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/romain/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/romain/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/romain/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.9
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to pb:22 as 'pduchesne'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: server->client [email protected] <implicit> none
debug1: kex: client->server [email protected] <implicit> none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:OIiYKNK9FOdhlu2sVahXFoXYCjxmxTQ7NrZtA75Vwps
debug1: Host 'pb' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/romain/.ssh/known_hosts:18
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /Users/romain/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/romain/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/romain/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/romain/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: Next authentication method: password
pduchesne@pb's password:
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
Permission denied, please try again.
pduchesne@pb's password:
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
Permission denied, please try again.
pduchesne@pb's password:
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey,password).
编辑3
在 ldap 服务器中添加用户密码哈希（参见开头的用户转储）
编辑4
根据@grawity 的建议，我安装了 libpam-ldapd：
romain@pb$ sudo apt-get install libpam-ldapd
[sudo] password for romain:
LDAP Password:
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
auth-client-config ldap-auth-config
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libpam-ldap
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libpam-ldapd
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
(...)
Setting up libpam-ldapd:amd64 (0.9.6-3) ...
然后我进行了配置/etc/nslcd.conf，我注意到我没有指定使用 ldap 版本 3（我不知道默认是哪个版本？）：
romain@pb$ sudo cat /etc/nslcd.conf | grep "^[^#]"
uid nslcd
gid nslcd
uri ldap://192.168.0.70
base dc=memorandum,dc=pro
ldap_version 3
tls_cacertfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
重新启动 nslcd：
romain@pb$ sudo service nslcd restart
并尝试从我的 Mac 连接：
romain@Mac:~$ ssh pduchesne@pb
有点作用：
romain@Mac:~$ ssh pduchesne@pb
pduchesne@pb's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-53-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
197 packages can be updated.
4 updates are security updates.
*** System restart required ***
Last login: Fri Jan 13 11:12:23 2017 from 192.168.0.80
romain@pb:~$ pwd
/home/users/pduchesne
romain@pb:~$ whoami
romain
新问题（针对编辑 4）
为什么我无法更改用户？我原本希望以“pduchesne”身份登录“pb”：-/
旧问题（第 4 次编辑之前）
我不知道要检查哪些文件——欢迎任何建议。
答案1
您显示的配置实际上并未提及任何可用于身份验证的内容；即没有检查输入密码的方法。
您的 nsswitch 1配置确实有shadow: ldap，但您的用户对象转储实际上并没有提到任何“影子”属性 - 因此是没有可以检索的信息getent shadow。不过这没关系，因为通过 LDAP 公开影子信息无论如何都不是很安全。
相反，您应该设置pam_ldap(libpam-ldapd)，它会尝试使用给定的密码对 LDAP 服务器进行身份验证 (绑定)。为此，必须将 LDAP 格式的密码哈希放入用户属性中userPassword(您的转储中也缺少该属性)。
但请注意，独立的 libnss-ldap（和 libpam-ldap）有几个缺点，而且基本上已经过时了——使用 nslcd + libnss-ldap 可以获得更可靠的配置d+ 取而代之的是 libpam-ldapd。
1 “名称服务切换”，而非“NSS 女巫”