抱歉，有很多问题，它们可能相互关联，所以我会将它们列在一个问题中。这些问题是：-
正如之前发布的那样这里Windows 更新无法安装周年更新。
从那时起，我就关闭了 Windows 更新，直到我能解决问题 #1，现在我每 20 分钟左右就会收到一个错误，提示 sqlservr.exe 已停止工作。我可以在事件查看器中看到以下条目...
应用程序特定的权限设置不会向在应用程序容器不可用 SID（不可用）中运行的地址 LocalHost（使用 LRPC）中的用户 NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE SID（S-1-5-19）授予 CLSID 为 {9A4948D9-13FC-4FAC-B60A-FBA6EE0FB11C} 和 APPID 为 {50E1C3FD-EC35-490E-9CCF-C68F9AE91919} 的 COM 服务器应用程序的本地激活权限。可以使用组件服务管理工具修改此安全权限。
- 正如我上一个问题的评论中所建议的，我下载了 Windows 10 Enterprise 的 ISO：-
windows_10_enterprise_version_1607_updated_jan_2017_x64_dvd_9714415.iso
...并尝试升级安装，但（我并不感到惊讶）也失败了。我尝试了几次，从硬盘、从 USB 上，我尝试从 USB 上启动，但不允许升级。
EFI 分区为 500mb，剩余 187mb 可用。
我读过多个驱动器可能是一个问题，我的硬盘被分成 3 个分区，删除除 Windows 分区之外的所有分区并不是一个真正的选择，我宁愿在执行此操作之前进行全新安装。
C:\$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Panther\setuperr.log 如下...
2017-02-21 11:12:45, Error DU DU::CDUSession::GetOnlineServiceId: Failed to get update service collection. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:12:45, Error DU DU::CDUSession::Initialize: Failed to get online service ID. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:12:45, Error DU DUStartup: Failed to initialize CDUSession on thread ID 0x1d40. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:12:45, Error SP SPInitializeDU: DUStartup failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:12:45, Error SP CSetupPlatform::GetClientDUPackages: DU initialization failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:12:45, Error MOUPG DUSetup: Failed to execute DUSetup seach and download [0x80070422]
2017-02-21 11:12:52, Error CONX Windows::Compat::Appraiser::BiosSdbDataSource::ApplyDataSource (251): Missing bios item(s).[gle=0x8007064a]
2017-02-21 11:12:52, Error CONX Windows::Compat::Appraiser::WicaEngine::RunComponents (658): RunDataSources Failed: [0x8007064a].[gle=0x8007064a]
2017-02-21 11:12:52, Error CONX Windows::Compat::Appraiser::WicaFactory::DoWicaRun (355): Failed to run engine: [0x8007064a].[gle=0x8007064a]
2017-02-21 11:12:52, Error CONX Windows::Compat::Appraiser::SetupAppraiser::ScanInternal (271): WicaRun failed: [0x8007064a].[gle=0x8007064a]
2017-02-21 11:13:15, Error DU DU::CDUSession::GetOnlineServiceId: Failed to get update service collection. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:15, Error DU DU::CDUSession::Initialize: Failed to get online service ID. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:15, Error DU DUStartup: Failed to initialize CDUSession on thread ID 0x1d40. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:15, Error SP SPInitializeDU: DUStartup failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:13:15, Error SP CSetupPlatform::DownloadDynamicUpdates: DU initialization failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:13:15, Error MOUPG DUImage: Failed to execute critical search and download [0x80070422]
2017-02-21 11:13:21, Error DU DU::CDUSession::GetOnlineServiceId: Failed to get update service collection. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:21, Error DU DU::CDUSession::Initialize: Failed to get online service ID. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:21, Error DU DUStartup: Failed to initialize CDUSession on thread ID 0x1d40. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:21, Error SP SPInitializeDU: DUStartup failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:13:21, Error SP CSetupPlatform::DownloadDynamicUpdates: DU initialization failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:13:21, Error MOUPG DUImage: Failed to execute GDR search and download [0x80070422]
2017-02-21 11:13:29, Error DU DU::CDUSession::GetOnlineServiceId: Failed to get update service collection. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:29, Error DU DU::CDUSession::Initialize: Failed to get online service ID. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:29, Error DU DUStartup: Failed to initialize CDUSession on thread ID 0x1d40. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:29, Error SP SPInitializeDU: DUStartup failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:13:29, Error SP CSetupPlatform::DownloadDynamicUpdates: DU initialization failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:13:29, Error MOUPG DUImage: Failed to execute driver search and download [0x80070422]
2017-02-21 11:13:37, Error DU DU::CDUSession::GetOnlineServiceId: Failed to get update service collection. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:37, Error DU DU::CDUSession::Initialize: Failed to get online service ID. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:37, Error DU DUStartup: Failed to initialize CDUSession on thread ID 0x1d40. hr = 0x80070422[gle=0x000003f0]
2017-02-21 11:13:37, Error SP SPInitializeDU: DUStartup failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:13:37, Error SP CSetupPlatform::DownloadDynamicUpdates: DU initialization failed. hr = 0x80070422
2017-02-21 11:13:37, Error MOUPG DUImage: Failed to execute LangPack search and download [0x80070422]
2017-02-21 11:27:01, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MSSQLFDLauncher. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:01, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MsDtsServer120. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:01, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MSSQLSERVER. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:01, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\Classic .NET AppPool. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:01, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\omsapi.toniconline.com.au. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:01, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v4.5. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:02, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\DefaultAppPool. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:02, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v2.0. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:02, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v4.5 Classic. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:02, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v2.0 Classic. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:10, Error SP pSPRemoveUpgradeRegTree: failed to delete reg tree HKLM\SYSTEM\Setup\Upgrade[gle=0x00000005]
2017-02-21 11:27:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MSSQLFDLauncher. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MsDtsServer120. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MSSQLSERVER. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\Classic .NET AppPool. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\omsapi.toniconline.com.au. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v4.5. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\DefaultAppPool. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v2.0. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:18, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v4.5 Classic. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:18, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v2.0 Classic. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:27:23, Error [0x080831] MIG CSIAgent: Invalid xml format: FormatException: "id" attribute is mandatory. void __cdecl Mig::CMXEMigrationXml::LoadSupportedComponent(class UnBCL::XmlNode
*,int,class Mig::CMXEMigrationXml *,class Mig::CMXEXmlComponent *) 2017-02-21 11:28:04, Error CSI 00000001 (F) 80220008 [Error,Facility=FACILITY_STATE_MANAGEMENT,Code=8] #233850# from CWcmScalarInstanceCore::GetCurrentValue(options = 393216 (0x00060000), status = [6]"(null)", value = { type: 40972 (0x0000a00c), bytes ( 12 (0x0000000c) ): 65006e002d00550053000000 }) [gle=0x80004005]
2017-02-21 11:29:04, Error CSI 00000002 (F) 80220008 [Error,Facility=FACILITY_STATE_MANAGEMENT,Code=8] #1102957# from CWcmScalarInstanceCore::GetCurrentValue(options = 393216 (0x00060000), status = [6]"(null)", value = { type: 40972 (0x0000a00c), bytes ( 12 (0x0000000c) ): 65006e002d00550053000000 }) [gle=0x80004005]
2017-02-21 11:29:15, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MSSQLFDLauncher. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:15, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MsDtsServer120. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:15, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MSSQLSERVER. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:15, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\Classic .NET AppPool. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:15, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\omsapi.toniconline.com.au. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:15, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v4.5. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:16, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\DefaultAppPool. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v2.0. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v4.5 Classic. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:17, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v2.0 Classic. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:29:25, Error [0x080831] MIG CSIAgent: Invalid xml format: FormatException: Component with display name: Plugin/{C939EC0F-2F56-4CE8-AF56-2336596A5FA7} already loaded __cdecl Mig::CMXEMigrationXml::CMXEMigrationXml(class Mig::CPlatform *,class UnBCL::String *,class UnBCL::XmlDocument *,class UnBCL::String *,class UnBCL::String *) 2017-02-21 11:32:21, Error [0x0808fe] MIG Plugin {526D451C-721A-4b97-AD34-DCE5D8CD22C5}: [shmig] Failed to get preferred homegroup with hr=0x80070490
2017-02-21 11:35:28, Error CSetupAutomation::Resurrect: File not found: C:\$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Panther\automation.dat[gle=0x00000002]
2017-02-21 11:35:28, Error SP CSetupPlatform::ResurrectAutomation: Failed to resurrect automation: 0x80070002[gle=0x00000002]
2017-02-21 11:35:30, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MSSQLFDLauncher. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:30, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MsDtsServer120. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:30, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user NT SERVICE\MSSQLSERVER. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:30, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\Classic .NET AppPool. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:30, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\omsapi.toniconline.com.au. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:31, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v4.5. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:31, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\DefaultAppPool. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:31, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v2.0. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:31, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v4.5 Classic. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:31, Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\.NET v2.0 Classic. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error IBSLIB OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize: Failed to backup BCD database from "I:\Boot\BCD" to "C:\$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Rollback\Boot\BCD".[gle=0x00000002]
2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error [0x064199] IBSLIB SetCheckpoint(WinPEBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint): threw exception.: class RollbackException: RollbackException: Error(2), CSystemVolumeSelectionCheckpoint: Failed to backup BCD database. void
__cdecl OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize(const unsigned short *,struct OSRollbackService::ICheckpointParameters
*)[gle=0x00000002] 2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error [0x06418a] IBSLIB RollbackSetCheckpoint(WinPEBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint): threw exception.: class RollbackException: RollbackException: Error(2), CSystemVolumeSelectionCheckpoint: Failed to backup BCD database. void
__cdecl OSRollbackService::CCheckpointImpressario::SetCheckpoint(const unsigned short *,struct OSRollbackService::ICheckpointParameters *)
void __cdecl OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize(const unsigned short *,struct OSRollbackService::ICheckpointParameters
*)[gle=0x00000002]
2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error [0x06414e] IBSLIB RollbackSetCheckpoint(WinPEBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint) failed. Disabling Rollback.[gle=0x00000002]
2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error SP Error setting OS Switch Rollback checkpoint[gle=0x00000002]
2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error SP Operation failed: Update Boot Code. Error: 0x80004005[gle=0x000000b7]
2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error MOUPG MoSetupPlatform: Finalize reported failure![gle=0x000000b7]
2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error MOUPG MoSetupPlatform: Using action error code: [0x80004005][gle=0x000000b7]
2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error MOUPG CDlpActionFinalize::ExecuteSetupPlatformFinalize(1314): Result = 0x80004005[gle=0x000000b7]
2017-02-21 11:35:34, Error MOUPG CDlpActionFinalize::ExecuteRoutine(479): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:48, Error MOUPG CDlpActionImpl<class CDlpErrorImpl<class CDlpObjectInternalImpl<class CUnknownImpl<class IMoSetupDlpAction> > > >::Execute(441): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:48, Error MOUPG CDlpTask::ExecuteAction(3243): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:48, Error MOUPG CDlpTask::ExecuteActions(3397): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:48, Error MOUPG CDlpTask::Execute(1631): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:48, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::ExecuteTask(2067): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:48, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::ExecuteTask(2030): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:48, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::ExecuteInstallMode(815): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:48, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::ExecuteDownlevelMode(391): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:48, Error SP CSetupPlatform::ResurrectNewSystem: Cannot resurrect new system.: Win32Exception: \\?\C:\$Windows.~BT\Sources\NewSystem.dat: The system cannot find the file specified. [0x00000002] __cdecl UnBCL::FileStream::FileStream(const class UnBCL::String *,enum UnBCL::FileMode,enum UnBCL::FileAccess,enum UnBCL::FileShare,unsigned long)[gle=0x00000002] 2017-02-21 11:35:50, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::Execute(236): Result = 0x80004005
2017-02-21 11:35:50, Error MOUPG CSetupHost::Execute(372): Result = 0x80004005
编辑：我有一块硬盘，上面有 3 个分区，两个用于操作系统，一个用于数据。我尝试将新的 Windows 10 安装到我的备用操作系统分区（其中包含另一个 Windows 10 副本）中，删除并重新创建分区后，出现以下错误...
Windows 无法安装到此磁盘。所选磁盘具有 MBR 分区表。在 EFI 系统上，Windows 只能安装到 GPT 磁盘
所以我认为问题可能是由于机器最初使用 MBR 设置，而 MBR 不再受支持。我猜（备份所有内容后）我需要尝试将磁盘从 MBR 转换为 GPT？或者只是擦除所有内容并重新开始。
关于如何将 MBR 转换为 GPT 有什么建议吗？或者我应该放弃并擦除整个磁盘并重新安装所有内容。
编辑2：我已经解决了在编辑 1 中遇到的这个问题，并且我不再认为它与 Windows 10 从 V1511 到 V1607 的升级问题有关。
默认情况下，当我从 USB 启动时，它以 UEFI 启动，不允许我安装 Windows。启动菜单中还有另一个选项，可以从没有 UEFI 的 USB 启动，选择该选项使我能够在备用分区中成功安装 Windows 10 的新安装。我已决定逐步重新安装新的 1607 Windows 10 操作系统安装中的所有内容，然后退出拒绝更新的另一个分区（Windows 10 1511）中的操作系统。
编辑3：我还没有找到升级旧系统的解决方案，但我可以验证同一硬盘上另一个分区上新安装的操作系统是否能够顺利安装 Windows 更新。