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在 Linux（ubuntu）上使用 nginx 搭建本地开发环境

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在 Linux（ubuntu）上使用 nginx 搭建本地开发环境

我最近换了一台新电脑，并从旧电脑上复制了所有现有的用于 webdevelopment 项目的 git 存储库。在那台旧电脑上，我安装了 apache，以便将主文件夹子目录中的某些文件夹用作开发网站（静态或使用 PHP）。因此，例如，个人项目将位于 下/home/myusername/programming/personal/projectname/。

现在在新电脑上，我尝试设置 nginx，以类似的方式使用它。

我跟着DigitalOcean 上的指南在运行 Linux Mint 18.1（Serena）的笔记本电脑上安装 nginx（以及 MySQL 和 PHP）。

我对 nginx 进行了如下配置：

/etc/nginx/sites-available/default：

##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#
# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#
server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server;

    # SSL configuration
    #
    # listen 443 ssl default_server;
    # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
    #
    # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
    #
    # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
    #
    # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
    # Don't use them in a production server!
    #
    # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

    root /var/www/html;

    # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
    index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

    server_name _;

    location / {
        # First attempt to serve request as file, then
        # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

    #   # With php7.0-cgi alone:
    #   fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #   # With php7.0-fpm:
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }
}


# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#   listen 80;
#   listen [::]:80;
#
#   server_name example.com;
#
#   root /var/www/example.com;
#   index index.html;
#
#   location / {
#       try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#   }
#}

此后，通过创建和测试/var/www/html/info.php（如指南所示）成功完成。

我现在尝试为我的一个项目添加一个域。

/etc/nginx/sites-available/projectname.dev：

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

    server_name projectname.dev;

        root /home/myusername/programming/personal/projectname/;
        index index.php index.html;

        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        }

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

        location ~ \.php$ {
                include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

        #       # With php7.0-cgi alone:
        #       fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        #       # With php7.0-fpm:
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
        }

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        location ~ /\.ht {
                deny all;
        }
}

（我还从 sites-enabled 添加了到此的符号链接：）ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/projectname.dev /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/projectname.dev。

重新启动 nginx（sudo service nginx restart）并添加127.0.0.1 projectname.dev到我的/etc/hosts文件后，我收到了 404 错误。

查看后/var/log/nginx/error.log，我发现我的请求由于以下原因而失败：

2017/04/17 21:38:11 [crit] 30176#30176: *3 stat() "/home/myusername/programming/personal/projectname/" failed (13: Permission denied), client: 127.0.0.1, server: projectname.dev, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "projectname.dev"

我认为这与 linux/unix 中的文件/目录权限管理有关。我的主目录显然归我的用户名而 nginx 则由用户运行www-数据。但是，我不确定如何更改此文件夹的权限，以便www-数据/nginx 能够访问它（以及其中的文件）。

如何解决这个问题？为什么我在之前的电脑（也运行 Linux Mint）上配置 Apache 时没有遇到这个问题？

答案1

我曾经使用过nginx，但是按照你的提示 - 这对我来说似乎是正确的 - 我会通过将组所有权更改为 www-data 并检查文件至少具有 0644 权限以及文件夹至少具有 0755 权限来更改相关文件/文件夹的权限。

如果您需要您的 Web 应用程序写入某些文件或目录，您可以将该文件/目录的所有者更改为 www-data 或添加组写入权限（文件为 0664，文件夹为 0775）。

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