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使用 subjectAltName 创建自签名证书以修复 Chrome 58+ 中的

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使用 subjectAltName 创建自签名证书以修复 Chrome 58+ 中的

我正在尝试创建一个自签名证书以满足 Chrome 58+ 的要求localhost：subjectAltName

createcertificate.sh：

#!/usr/bin/env bash
filename="$1server"
openssl req -new -sha256 -nodes -out ./../nginx/ssl/${filename}.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout ./../nginx/ssl/${filename}.key -config <( cat ${filename}_csr.txt )
openssl x509 -req -in ./../nginx/ssl/${filename}.csr -CA ~/ssl/rootCA.pem -CAkey ~/ssl/rootCA.key -CAcreateserial -out ./../nginx/ssl/${filename}.crt -days 500 -sha256

server_csr.txt：

[req]
default_bits = 2048
prompt = no
default_md = sha256
req_extensions = req_ext
distinguished_name = dn

[ dn ]
C=US
ST=New York
L=Rochester
O=End Point
OU=Testing Domain
emailAddress=your-administrative-address@your-awesome-existing-domain.com
CN = localhost

[ req_ext ]
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[ alt_names ]
DNS.1 = localhost

称呼./createcertificate.sh：

server_csr.txt
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.........................................................................................................+++
...............................+++
writing new private key to './../nginx/ssl/server.key'
-----
Signature ok
subject=/C=US/ST=New York/L=Rochester/O=End Point/OU=Testing Domain/emailAddress=your-administrative-address@your-awesome-existing-domain.com/CN=localhost
Getting CA Private Key
Enter pass phrase for /home/alexzeitler/ssl/rootCA.key:

但是 Chrome 58 仍然拒绝该证书：

This server could not prove that it is localhost; its security certificate is from [missing_subjectAltName]. This may be caused by a misconfiguration or an attacker intercepting your connection.

这是输出openssl req -in ../nginx/ssl/server.csr -noout -text：

Certificate Request:
    Data:
        Version: 0 (0x0)
        Subject: C=US, ST=New York, L=Rochester, O=End Point, OU=Testing Domain/emailAddress=your-administrative-address@your-awesome-existing-domain.com, CN=localhost
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:cf:ec:6d:54:6e:db:e0:9c:cd:17:c2:dd:bf:81:
                    1e:52:bb:62:27:04:f3:13:8e:01:69:47:fa:93:92:
                    57:b3:77:be:51:87:9b:c8:40:f1:28:de:df:cb:d2:
                    fd:87:fb:00:a1:c4:17:30:4c:9a:fd:e0:b6:d0:8c:
                    a0:c9:01:f4:71:5f:63:ee:6d:4c:5a:b4:4d:ca:60:
                    d4:0b:dc:6f:c1:2b:62:95:44:76:ec:45:bf:cb:39:
                    4a:0a:e4:f7:84:56:d0:1b:11:2c:e7:a8:b6:f6:bc:
                    46:89:bb:4b:44:3c:7d:9d:d8:cc:75:4c:4c:72:15:
                    b4:58:77:9b:38:61:72:4c:b2:45:55:a2:34:06:aa:
                    4c:9d:54:cb:a4:bf:58:26:88:11:81:17:a3:52:ab:
                    c8:38:f7:c5:55:78:af:d3:be:3f:70:95:79:d9:79:
                    10:45:5f:e9:10:e9:56:6f:b5:fa:b9:36:2e:c8:40:
                    c5:fa:86:66:12:82:ec:ab:45:75:54:ec:93:40:9f:
                    d1:cc:8f:18:31:8b:62:1c:20:da:6e:19:17:89:c5:
                    6f:c5:b9:23:a0:86:6e:70:f9:2a:b1:e3:87:dc:a2:
                    57:99:16:05:d4:85:01:43:34:48:d5:b4:39:35:63:
                    46:81:d2:f1:b8:66:e2:21:31:c3:8a:02:f7:8f:a9:
                    b4:8b
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        Attributes:
        Requested Extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 
                DNS:localhost
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         60:d7:11:95:45:9b:b6:35:ed:b7:31:2b:14:5d:c7:57:bb:cd:
         fc:3b:c4:97:01:aa:46:4c:58:9b:f8:4c:44:e2:12:46:2d:69:
         5f:95:10:02:fd:79:e1:30:cb:a9:f9:41:b2:a7:b6:fa:e3:2f:
         e9:c6:7c:3e:3a:b1:db:64:b9:6e:ab:a1:98:82:0c:df:cf:b5:
         e9:7f:17:f0:87:c9:09:15:ab:c8:9b:a2:d8:b3:37:a8:13:2e:
         05:f5:ab:18:4c:cf:d9:6d:d0:05:c4:90:b5:0e:a5:c2:24:6d:
         12:fb:e1:64:5c:d0:6f:5a:86:a3:d2:1f:b8:73:12:1e:39:28:
         a9:50:a4:88:fb:e6:24:95:17:43:76:22:7d:57:48:af:84:36:
         66:30:d8:3b:88:3b:4c:c5:44:fc:92:75:16:b6:9a:22:4b:cf:
         b2:9b:19:e2:15:d4:9c:04:85:8d:7a:59:f7:13:7c:be:d4:4f:
         c5:d8:02:79:ab:98:3f:91:0e:da:ba:8b:68:01:d3:71:cb:f0:
         55:22:fe:f8:55:41:ef:ac:f4:55:48:06:ce:75:ba:33:5c:b2:
         7b:f3:a7:b4:c3:ec:c0:52:ec:e1:56:64:84:cb:fa:a1:ca:0c:
         c0:c3:87:e4:f4:c1:5b:8b:92:00:26:9d:a8:6b:35:58:1f:ad:
         9e:91:ba:5b

因此，该Subject Alternative Name信息似乎存在于 csr 中。

另一方面openssl x509 -text -in ../nginx/ssl/server.crt -noout输出：

Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 1 (0x0)
        Serial Number: 17237690484651272010 (0xef38942aa5c5274a)
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=US, ST=New York, L=Rochester, O=End Point, CN=localhost/emailAddress=your-administrative-address@your-awesome-existing-domain.com
        Validity
            Not Before: Apr 23 15:42:28 2017 GMT
            Not After : Sep  5 15:42:28 2018 GMT
        Subject: C=US, ST=New York, L=Rochester, O=End Point, OU=Testing Domain/emailAddress=your-administrative-address@your-awesome-existing-domain.com, CN=localhost
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:af:ee:7c:7a:2c:3c:5c:a6:57:ce:81:cf:22:49:
                    3c:d3:c4:6d:3a:71:a8:c7:cf:04:cc:68:4a:e6:03:
                    7c:9d:9d:49:c7:4f:8e:33:09:5b:73:9b:a0:21:51:
                    27:c6:e6:d0:ac:f5:5e:1d:4f:f8:60:9f:a1:50:1e:
                    dd:1f:bc:20:44:6f:42:c8:de:2a:6f:04:b7:21:aa:
                    cb:82:18:5e:fa:d8:68:5d:e5:c6:a0:cb:39:e3:91:
                    60:99:3f:ae:63:ab:9c:23:e9:03:0c:ca:10:23:8f:
                    76:e1:5c:55:10:b7:e1:e7:aa:e7:24:4d:49:ff:d0:
                    c7:67:f6:8a:1d:36:12:15:49:2d:33:c9:39:d4:3f:
                    7f:b6:a5:9e:ac:b5:55:75:aa:bc:7f:f4:c2:85:b4:
                    18:f1:76:3c:5e:a3:df:47:00:1c:e6:ac:d5:3c:f3:
                    ac:ff:f2:f0:7a:43:3f:63:bd:77:86:ea:3f:e5:35:
                    04:fa:3c:2a:0c:34:b5:36:ee:a0:b2:50:f9:08:31:
                    b8:76:27:af:c7:c6:5a:af:52:07:6f:c3:d6:6c:97:
                    6b:9b:cb:cd:c7:01:4f:33:7e:2f:09:06:b0:71:1a:
                    9a:9f:30:d4:c3:67:89:15:dc:df:ad:68:44:54:29:
                    26:d0:ca:8e:f6:eb:dd:f3:1a:74:63:89:b4:c5:72:
                    82:af
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         42:f7:c4:1e:47:dc:e7:81:3a:b0:83:a8:fd:51:53:32:f7:80:
         76:b4:ec:a8:44:17:5a:18:29:68:9f:14:4a:1c:35:87:3e:7a:
         13:95:0c:8b:5b:2f:f9:f0:42:56:51:9c:a9:9f:7f:77:45:7d:
         6c:1d:1c:39:75:99:4a:c5:22:c4:d9:1d:11:bb:bf:7d:56:7b:
         a7:18:fc:2a:c3:32:c1:72:3a:17:0e:1d:27:f1:f3:b6:72:91:
         5d:38:64:6c:98:03:8b:17:88:ce:2c:a2:dc:2a:86:a0:e8:23:
         e8:07:79:ac:05:62:b1:17:10:84:82:02:23:4a:10:9a:2a:b3:
         9c:5d:05:71:31:43:f3:28:4e:28:bd:31:49:21:1f:39:b0:6b:
         39:27:1c:1a:8e:b8:92:e9:e7:76:a2:e7:3e:6c:ba:fc:56:f1:
         78:85:3f:68:ea:db:50:88:b4:8a:fc:ea:73:04:4b:8a:54:86:
         5e:0d:fc:b4:70:72:c9:5a:c7:cf:cb:19:e2:9a:b9:af:c6:3e:
         55:06:1c:7c:62:44:b3:e6:57:2b:0f:cc:33:9e:28:5f:62:85:
         05:27:4c:f0:de:6c:d6:fb:e4:de:2f:41:99:34:b2:b1:7d:12:
         b6:d6:96:a5:4b:c4:49:6b:49:bf:c5:86:e6:3c:3e:f3:e3:ef:
         a9:d3:21:5e

不.crt包含Subject Alternative Name。

答案1

在阅读文档因为，我注意到，当文档显示时，subjectAltName我的证书已经显示。Version: 1Version: 3

为了获得Version 3证书，我指定了以下-extfile选项：

sudo openssl x509 -req -in ./../nginx/ssl/${filename}.csr -CA ~/ssl/rootCA.pem -CAkey ~/ssl/rootCA.key -CAcreateserial -out ./../nginx/ssl/${filename}.crt -days 500 -sha256 -extfile v3.ext

v3.ext看起来像这样：

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[alt_names]
DNS.1 = localhost

再次运行时openssl x509 -text -in ../nginx/ssl/server.crt -noout，证书现在还包含以下Subject Alternative Name部分：

Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number: 17237690484651272016 (0xef38942aa5c52750)
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=US, ST=New York, L=Rochester, O=End Point, CN=localhost/[email protected]
        Validity
            Not Before: Apr 23 16:07:38 2017 GMT
            Not After : Sep  5 16:07:38 2018 GMT
        Subject: C=US, ST=New York, L=Rochester, O=End Point, OU=Testing Domain/emailAddress=your-administrative-address@your-awesome-existing-domain.com, CN=localhost
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:b2:e3:bd:ed:28:04:85:ea:75:ee:d2:82:e1:eb:
                    f5:5f:7f:cf:7e:cb:70:de:86:9f:75:7c:f3:71:e7:
                    da:16:fb:bc:1f:89:bc:47:08:77:ca:33:20:f1:c1:
                    9e:e3:20:8d:89:14:7e:c1:0a:12:d2:59:24:56:9b:
                    77:90:5f:69:d1:a5:f1:00:38:93:1b:a7:75:f1:33:
                    e2:da:dc:32:a9:0a:85:7d:9a:20:81:ca:20:ee:86:
                    ce:e2:a0:52:d2:ab:11:34:e5:52:99:3a:81:c6:9f:
                    6b:0f:6a:02:2b:38:a6:84:c9:ba:fa:9b:ef:0a:89:
                    22:4b:79:86:3c:bd:44:a5:54:fb:cf:4d:8b:d1:44:
                    03:35:22:de:69:77:c8:fa:4d:c6:01:25:08:9f:4d:
                    a9:79:7a:aa:ca:03:b6:e4:51:57:22:27:5f:a7:12:
                    11:f3:e6:00:29:f6:58:be:2c:aa:09:e4:06:45:d9:
                    3f:75:a7:f0:75:bd:2b:a6:bb:6d:ad:93:bb:b9:1d:
                    d7:75:39:4e:9b:1d:0e:39:cc:17:74:88:f7:e2:b7:
                    85:12:96:e0:cb:42:56:d0:11:e0:84:86:e5:14:a5:
                    f2:6d:43:5d:f9:59:ae:61:7f:01:ae:95:b8:92:27:
                    1d:1c:02:d7:ad:fb:ee:f6:25:38:60:c8:41:20:17:
                    80:69
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:5A:8D:89:64:BD:F2:3E:C2:D7:7B:BE:17:84:F4:29:E8:C5:32:35:34

            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
                CA:FALSE
            X509v3 Key Usage:
                Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment, Data Encipherment
            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
                DNS:localhost
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         27:1d:d6:84:50:33:d2:ff:b1:06:9b:fa:f1:40:7d:47:11:bc:
         f7:80:fd:26:87:0e:91:9f:14:be:1f:1d:9b:32:d1:fb:d6:8d:
         af:30:8a:88:38:8c:1c:bf:77:98:8e:cd:06:48:82:fa:09:b9:
         3c:0d:38:c4:a0:da:b7:4d:f5:81:5f:5a:76:04:61:f8:c2:1a:
         17:ad:56:7c:72:ba:f6:65:7f:7f:e7:5e:b2:34:ba:13:23:57:
         84:f1:c5:ca:dd:5b:55:69:95:71:44:4a:30:53:61:5c:ad:47:
         d8:9c:d5:a2:1b:18:2d:e1:19:35:3e:3f:b2:7e:fd:bf:f3:d0:
         45:dc:f5:57:f0:1b:cd:70:1b:e0:34:de:27:98:89:b4:a5:25:
         a5:6c:29:c3:89:a6:a5:c5:4d:f5:45:3b:47:8e:13:45:23:07:
         5e:d6:59:0d:96:c6:a3:f0:c5:3d:ee:a8:ad:36:96:43:13:a1:
         b8:55:f6:c7:10:7e:8f:5d:09:ef:61:17:2a:9c:3b:50:28:c8:
         e3:8d:a6:34:06:50:d4:3e:d5:17:ea:7d:31:97:d3:ee:df:b5:
         23:66:5e:22:b7:e4:fa:36:4f:9a:d5:f0:a3:f9:b4:2b:27:02:
         0b:41:94:d1:a1:f7:1b:2c:7e:74:e6:14:c3:b5:67:15:d2:ca:
         02:77:57:a6

我还创建了一篇博客文章。

如果要添加127.0.0.1，则必须写入：

[alt_names]
IP.1 = 127.0.0.1

如果添加DNS.1 = 127.0.0.1Chrome 将返回一个ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID。

感谢@Robar 在评论中指出这一点。

答案2

在 Windows 中，将此脚本保存为 makeCert.bat，保存在您的 SSL 文件夹中。它生成的自签名证书将满足 Chrome 版本 58+ 对 SAN（主体备用名称）的要求。

该脚本将创建以下文件：example.cnf、example.crt、example.key

@echo off

REM IN YOUR SSL FOLDER, SAVE THIS FILE AS: makeCert.bat
REM AT COMMAND LINE IN YOUR SSL FOLDER, RUN: makecert
REM IT WILL CREATE THESE FILES: example.cnf, example.crt, example.key
REM IMPORT THE .crt FILE INTO CHROME Trusted Root Certification Authorities
REM REMEMBER TO RESTART APACHE OR NGINX AFTER YOU CONFIGURE FOR THESE FILES

REM PLEASE UPDATE THE FOLLOWING VARIABLES FOR YOUR NEEDS.
SET HOSTNAME=example
SET DOT=com
SET COUNTRY=US
SET STATE=KS
SET CITY=Olathe
SET ORGANIZATION=IT
SET ORGANIZATION_UNIT=IT Department
SET EMAIL=webmaster@%HOSTNAME%.%DOT%

(
echo [req]
echo default_bits = 2048
echo prompt = no
echo default_md = sha256
echo x509_extensions = v3_req
echo distinguished_name = dn
echo:
echo [dn]
echo C = %COUNTRY%
echo ST = %STATE%
echo L = %CITY%
echo O = %ORGANIZATION%
echo OU = %ORGANIZATION_UNIT%
echo emailAddress = %EMAIL%
echo CN = %HOSTNAME%.%DOT%
echo:
echo [v3_req]
echo subjectAltName = @alt_names
echo:
echo [alt_names]
echo DNS.1 = *.%HOSTNAME%.%DOT%
echo DNS.2 = %HOSTNAME%.%DOT%
)>%HOSTNAME%.cnf

openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -sha256 -nodes -keyout %HOSTNAME%.key -days 3560 -out %HOSTNAME%.crt -config %HOSTNAME%.cnf

答案3

我更新了威尔逊的批处理文件删除 COM 内容，因为 localhost 实际上没有这些内容，而且我想要一个自签名的 localhost SSL 证书用于开发。我还添加了一些其他文件，例如 .pfx 和 .pem.key 文件。

@echo off

REM IN YOUR SSL FOLDER, SAVE THIS FILE AS: makeCert.bat
REM AT COMMAND LINE IN YOUR SSL FOLDER, RUN: makecert
REM IT WILL CREATE THESE FILES: example.cnf, example.crt, example.key
REM IMPORT THE .crt FILE INTO CHROME Trusted Root Certification Authorities
REM REMEMBER TO RESTART APACHE OR NGINX AFTER YOU CONFIGURE FOR THESE FILES

REM PLEASE UPDATE THE FOLLOWING VARIABLES FOR YOUR NEEDS.
SET HOSTNAME=example
SET COUNTRY=US
SET STATE=KS
SET CITY=Olathe
SET ORGANIZATION=IT
SET ORGANIZATION_UNIT=IT Department
SET [email protected]

(
echo [req]
echo default_bits = 2048
echo prompt = no
echo default_md = sha256
echo x509_extensions = v3_req
echo distinguished_name = dn
echo:
echo [dn]
echo C = %COUNTRY%
echo ST = %STATE%
echo L = %CITY%
echo O = %ORGANIZATION%
echo OU = %ORGANIZATION_UNIT%
echo emailAddress = %EMAIL%
echo CN = %HOSTNAME%
echo:
echo [v3_req]
echo subjectAltName = @alt_names
echo:
echo [alt_names]
echo DNS.1 = *.%HOSTNAME%
echo DNS.2 = %HOSTNAME%
)>%HOSTNAME%.cnf

REM MAKE THE .key .crt AND .cnf FILES
openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -sha256 -nodes -keyout %HOSTNAME%.key -days 3560 -out %HOSTNAME%.crt -config %HOSTNAME%.cnf

REM MAKE THE .pfx FILE
openssl pkcs12 -export -out %HOSTNAME%.pfx -inkey %HOSTNAME%.key -in %HOSTNAME%.crt

REM MAKE THE .pem.key FILE
openssl rsa -in %HOSTNAME%.key -outform PEM -out %HOSTNAME%.pem.key

答案4

这类事情总是会发生/usr/local/bin。

我从https://alexanderzeitler.com/articles/Fixing-Chrome-missing_subjectAltName-selfsigned-cert-openssl/

#! /bin/bash

mkdir /tmp/scert 2>/dev/null
rm -r /tmp/scert/* 2>/dev/null

if [ $# -ne 1 ];
then
        echo "Usage: scert <name>"
        exit
fi

if [ -e "/etc/ssl/private/$1.key" ];
then
        echo "/etc/ssl/private/$1.key already exists"
        exit
fi

if [ -e "/etc/ssl/certs/$1.crt" ];
then
        echo "/etc/ssl/certs/$1.crt already exists"
        exit
fi

if [ -e "/etc/ssl/certs/$1.pem" ];
then
        echo "/etc/ssl/certs/$1.pem already exists"
        exit
fi

echo "[req]" > /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "default_bits = 2048" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "prompt = no" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "default_md = sha256" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "distinguished_name = dn" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "[dn]" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "C=US" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "ST=New York" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "L=Rochester" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "O=$1" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "OU=Testing Domain" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "[email protected]" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf
echo "CN = localhost" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf

echo "authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer" > /tmp/scert/tmp.ext
echo "basicConstraints=CA:FALSE" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.ext
echo "keyUsage = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.ext
echo "subjectAltName = @alt_names" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.ext
echo "" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.ext
echo "[alt_names]" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.ext
echo "DNS.1 = localhost" >> /tmp/scert/tmp.ext

openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out /tmp/scert/tmp.pass.key 2048
openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in "/tmp/scert/tmp.pass.key" -out "/tmp/scert/tmp.key"

openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key /tmp/scert/tmp.key  -subj "/C=US/ST=New York/L=Rochester/O=$1/OU=Testing Domain/CN=localhost" -sha256 -days 1024 -out /tmp/scert/$1.pem

openssl req -new -sha256 -nodes -out /tmp/scert/tmp.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /tmp/scert/$1.key -config <( cat /tmp/scert/tmp.cnf )

openssl x509 -req -in /tmp/scert/tmp.csr -CA /tmp/scert/$1.pem -CAkey /tmp/scert/tmp.key -CAcreateserial -out /tmp/scert/$1.crt -days 500 -sha256 -extfile /tmp/scert/tmp.ext

if [ -e "/tmp/scert/$1.key" ];
then
        sudo cp /tmp/scert/$1.key /etc/ssl/private
        sudo chown root:ssl-cert /etc/ssl/private/$1.key
        sudo chmod 640 /etc/ssl/private/$1.key
        ls -al /etc/ssl/private/$1.key
else
        echo "ERROR: /tmp/scert/$1.key not found"
fi

if [ -e "/tmp/scert/$1.crt" ];
then
        sudo cp /tmp/scert/$1.crt /etc/ssl/certs
        sudo chown root:root /etc/ssl/certs/$1.crt
        sudo chmod 755 /etc/ssl/certs/$1.crt
        ls -al /etc/ssl/certs/$1.crt
else
        echo "ERROR: /tmp/scert/$1.crt not found"
fi

if [ -e "/tmp/scert/$1.pem" ];
then
        sudo cp /tmp/scert/$1.pem /etc/ssl/certs
        sudo chown root:root /etc/ssl/certs/$1.pem
        sudo chmod 755 /etc/ssl/certs/$1.pem
        ls -al /etc/ssl/certs/$1.pem
else
        echo "ERROR: /tmp/scert/$1.pem not found"
fi

rm -r /tmp/scert/* 2>/dev/null

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