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带有 systemd 的 Debian Jessie：永远不会删除臃肿的日志文件

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带有 systemd 的 Debian Jessie：永远不会删除臃肿的日志文件

我有一个相当普通的、最小的 Debian Jessie 发行版，其中的日志文件/var/log正在轮换（似乎是任意的）但从未被删除：

$ sudo du -sk /var/log/* | sort -rn
4167364 /var/log/daemon.log.1
1710535 /var/log/daemon.log
596240  /var/log/syslog.1
521091  /var/log/syslog
19905   /var/log/daemon.log.2.gz
15803   /var/log/syslog.4.gz
15187   /var/log/syslog.5.gz
14598   /var/log/syslog.7.gz
14595   /var/log/syslog.6.gz
14545   /var/log/syslog.3.gz
14496   /var/log/syslog.2.gz
1365    /var/log/messages.1
476 /var/log/kern.log.1
403 /var/log/messages
286 /var/log/lastlog
229 /var/log/auth.log.1
128 /var/log/syslog.1.gz
95  /var/log/auth.log
56  /var/log/wtmp
35  /var/log/debug.1
24  /var/log/faillog
19  /var/log/messages.2.gz
11  /var/log/kern.log.2.gz
3   /var/log/fsck
3   /var/log/debug.2.gz
3   /var/log/auth.log.2.gz
3   /var/log/apt
2   /var/log/kern.log
1   /var/log/sysstat
1   /var/log/dpkg.log
1   /var/log/dmesg
1   /var/log/alternatives.log
0   /var/log/debug
0   /var/log/btmp

现在，从我对 journald.conf 文档的阅读来看，默认SystemKeepFree值为 15%，并且SystemMaxuse为 10%，所以我不明白为什么它们会增长得这么大。我的根挂载实际上只有 8GB，所以我发现这一点是因为我的 rootfs 使用率实际上达到了 100%：

$ df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root        7529518 7525422         0 100% /
....

我突然想到，rsyslog 可能是将这些文件写入其中的人，/var/log并且有库存/etc/ryslog.conf。但为什么在某些情况下文件似乎正在轮换但从未被删除？

参考/etc/rsyslog.conf：

$ cat /etc/rsyslog.conf 
#  /etc/rsyslog.conf    Configuration file for rsyslog.
#
#           For more information see
#           /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-doc/html/rsyslog_conf.html


#################
#### MODULES ####
#################

$ModLoad imuxsock # provides support for local system logging
$ModLoad imklog   # provides kernel logging support
#$ModLoad immark  # provides --MARK-- message capability

# provides UDP syslog reception
#$ModLoad imudp
#$UDPServerRun 514

# provides TCP syslog reception
#$ModLoad imtcp
#$InputTCPServerRun 514


###########################
#### GLOBAL DIRECTIVES ####
###########################

#
# Use traditional timestamp format.
# To enable high precision timestamps, comment out the following line.
#
$ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat

#
# Set the default permissions for all log files.
#
$FileOwner root
$FileGroup adm
$FileCreateMode 0640
$DirCreateMode 0755
$Umask 0022

#
# Where to place spool and state files
#
$WorkDirectory /var/spool/rsyslog

#
# Include all config files in /etc/rsyslog.d/
#
$IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf


###############
#### RULES ####
###############

#
# First some standard log files.  Log by facility.
#
auth,authpriv.*         /var/log/auth.log
*.*;auth,authpriv.none      -/var/log/syslog
#cron.*             /var/log/cron.log
daemon.*            -/var/log/daemon.log
kern.*              -/var/log/kern.log
lpr.*               -/var/log/lpr.log
mail.*              -/var/log/mail.log
user.*              -/var/log/user.log

#
# Logging for the mail system.  Split it up so that
# it is easy to write scripts to parse these files.
#
mail.info           -/var/log/mail.info
mail.warn           -/var/log/mail.warn
mail.err            /var/log/mail.err

#
# Logging for INN news system.
#
news.crit           /var/log/news/news.crit
news.err            /var/log/news/news.err
news.notice         -/var/log/news/news.notice

#
# Some "catch-all" log files.
#
*.=debug;\
  auth,authpriv.none;\
  news.none;mail.none   -/var/log/debug
*.=info;*.=notice;*.=warn;\
  auth,authpriv.none;\
  cron,daemon.none;\
  mail,news.none        -/var/log/messages

#
# Emergencies are sent to everybody logged in.
#
*.emerg             :omusrmsg:*

#
# I like to have messages displayed on the console, but only on a virtual
# console I usually leave idle.
#
#daemon,mail.*;\
#   news.=crit;news.=err;news.=notice;\
#   *.=debug;*.=info;\
#   *.=notice;*.=warn   /dev/tty8

# The named pipe /dev/xconsole is for the `xconsole' utility.  To use it,
# you must invoke `xconsole' with the `-file' option:
# 
#    $ xconsole -file /dev/xconsole [...]
#
# NOTE: adjust the list below, or you'll go crazy if you have a reasonably
#      busy site..
#
daemon.*;mail.*;\
  news.err;\
  *.=debug;*.=info;\
  *.=notice;*.=warn |/dev/xconsole

（/etc/rsyslog.d/ 下没有任何内容）

存货确认地址/etc/systemd/journald.conf：

#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.
#
# Entries in this file show the compile time defaults.
# You can change settings by editing this file.
# Defaults can be restored by simply deleting this file.
#
# See journald.conf(5) for details.

[Journal]
#Storage=auto
#Compress=yes
#Seal=yes
#SplitMode=uid
#SyncIntervalSec=5m
#RateLimitIntervalSec=30s
#RateLimitBurst=1000
#SystemMaxUse=
#SystemKeepFree=
#SystemMaxFileSize=
#SystemMaxFiles=100
#RuntimeMaxUse=
#RuntimeKeepFree=
#RuntimeMaxFileSize=
#RuntimeMaxFiles=100
#MaxRetentionSec=
#MaxFileSec=1month
#ForwardToSyslog=yes
#ForwardToKMsg=no
#ForwardToConsole=no
#ForwardToWall=yes
#TTYPath=/dev/console
#MaxLevelStore=debug
#MaxLevelSyslog=debug
#MaxLevelKMsg=notice
#MaxLevelConsole=info
#MaxLevelWall=emerg

我实际上在 journald.conf.d 下添加了一个文件：

$ cat /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/custom.conf 
# See: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/journald.conf.html
# vi: ft=dosini

[Journal]
MaxFileSec=0
SystemMaxUse=5M
Compress=yes
# Uncomment this to never write to FS:
#Storage=volatile

因此，确实会发生一些轮换，但并不一致，而且也没有达到 journald 所要求的限制。

注意我正在从 jessie-backports 运行 systemd-230。

问题

  • 什么已经旋转文件了？
  • 为什么总使用量没有像预期那样受到限制？
  • journald 实际上是在写入这些文件还是 rsyslog？（我实际上看不到/varjournald 存储任何数据（无论是二进制数据还是其他数据）的任何其他位置。）
  • 我可以在 rsyslog 配置中设置文件大小上限吗？
  • 我需要 logrotate 帮我做这个吗？最好是 journald 或 rsyslogd 可以直接处理这个问题。

谢谢！

更新 尽管 journald.conf 文档建议ForwardToSyslog=no默认情况下，仔细查看我发布的常规 journald.conf，它说编译后的默认值是ForwardToSyslog=yes。因此看起来 rsyslog 正在执行它的工作/var/log

答案1

logrotated确实管理这些日志（用于 rsyslog 和其他日志）。但是……您不断看到相同的文件名，所以这可能是您所想的。默认配置是保留 4 或 7 个旧日志和当前日志。这是默认配置 - 您可以看到 /var/log/syslog 将保留 7 个加上当前日志，其他将保留 4 个。

debian@templatevm:~$ cat /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog 
/var/log/syslog
{
    rotate 7
    daily
    missingok
    notifempty
    delaycompress
    compress
    postrotate
        invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
    endscript
}

/var/log/mail.info
/var/log/mail.warn
/var/log/mail.err
/var/log/mail.log
/var/log/daemon.log
/var/log/kern.log
/var/log/auth.log
/var/log/user.log
/var/log/lpr.log
/var/log/cron.log
/var/log/debug
/var/log/messages
{
    rotate 4
    weekly
    missingok
    notifempty
    compress
    delaycompress
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
        invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
    endscript
}

如果您只想根据大小进行旋转，则可以将daily参数更改为size NNNNN 为 100M 之类的大小 - 因此size 100M限制为 100mb

然后，如果你的日志文件增长很快，你可以改变 logrotate 检查的频率，方法是将符号链接/etc/cron.hourly放在/etc/cron.daily

您的新/etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog文件可能如下所示

/var/log/syslog
{
    rotate 7
    daily
    missingok
    notifempty
    delaycompress
    compress
    postrotate
        invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
    endscript
}

/var/log/mail.info
/var/log/mail.warn
/var/log/mail.err
/var/log/mail.log
/var/log/daemon.log
/var/log/kern.log
/var/log/auth.log
/var/log/user.log
/var/log/lpr.log
/var/log/cron.log
/var/log/debug
/var/log/messages
{
    rotate 4
    size 25M
    missingok
    notifempty
    compress
    delaycompress
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
        invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
    endscript
}

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