我的 postifix 服务器没有收到来自 freenet 的邮件
邮件日志：
Jul 22 21:04:03 host postfix/smtpd[4100]: connect from mout3.freenet.de[2001:748:100:40::2:5]
Jul 22 21:04:03 host postgrey[2749]: action=pass, reason=triplet found, client_name=mout3.freenet.de, client_address=2001:748:100:40::2:5, [email protected], [email protected]
Jul 22 21:04:03 host postgrey[2749]: action=pass, reason=triplet found, client_name=mout3.freenet.de, client_address=2001:748:100:40::2:5, [email protected], [email protected]
Jul 22 21:04:03 host postfix/smtpd[4100]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mout3.freenet.de[2001:748:100:40::2:5]: 450 4.1.7 <[email protected]>: Sender address rejected: unverified address: host emig.freenet.de[195.4.92.217] said: 457 Greylisted, please come back later. (in reply to RCPT TO command); from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<mout3.freenet.de>
Jul 22 21:04:03 host postfix/smtpd[4100]: disconnect from mout3.freenet.de[2001:748:100:40::2:5]
其他发送器（如 t-online）正在运行。我不知道该怎么办。
更新 尝试使用 /etc/postgrey/whitelist_clients 但出现同样的问题：
Jul 22 21:43:35 host postfix/smtpd[3930]: connect from mout1.freenet.de[2001:748:100:40::2:3]
Jul 22 21:43:35 host postgrey[2742]: action=pass, reason=client whitelist, client_name=mout1.freenet.de, client_address=2001:748:100:40::2:3, [email protected], [email protected]
Jul 22 21:43:35 host postgrey[2742]: action=pass, reason=client whitelist, client_name=mout1.freenet.de, client_address=2001:748:100:40::2:3, [email protected], [email protected]
Jul 22 21:43:35 host postfix/smtpd[3930]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mout1.freenet.de[2001:748:100:40::2:3]: 450 4.1.7 <[email protected]>: Sender address rejected: unverified address: host emig.freenet.de[195.4.92.217] said: 457 Greylisted, please come back later. (in reply to RCPT TO command); from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<mout1.freenet.de>
Jul 22 21:43:35 host postfix/smtpd[3930]: disconnect from mout1.freenet.de[2001:748:100:40::2:3]
更新 2添加白名单
# postgrey whitelist for mail client hostnames
# --------------------------------------------
# put this file in /etc/postgrey or specify its path
# with --whitelist-clients=xxx
#
# postgrey version: 1.34, build date: 2011-05-04
# Debian-specific additions
# I *know* they run real mail queues, so greylisting only creates
# bigger load for them.
debconf.org
debian.org
spi-inc.org
# greylisting.org: Southwest Airlines (unique sender, no retry)
southwest.com
# greylisting.org: isp.belgacom.be (wierd retry pattern)
isp.belgacom.be
# greylisting.org: Ameritrade (no retry)
ameritradeinfo.com
# greylisting.org: Amazon.com (unique sender with letters)
amazon.com
# 2004-05-20: Linux kernel mailing-list (unique sender with letters)
vger.kernel.org
# 2004-06-02: karger.ch, no retry
karger.ch
# 2004-06-02: lilys.ch, (slow: 4 hours)
server-x001.hostpoint.ch
# 2004-06-09: roche.com (no retry)
gw.bas.roche.com
# 2004-06-09: newsletter (no retry)
mail.hhlaw.com
# 2004-06-09: no retry (reported by Ralph Hildebrandt)
prd051.appliedbiosystems.com
# 2004-06-17: swissre.com (no retry)
swissre.com
# 2004-06-17: dowjones.com newsletter (unique sender with letters)
returns.dowjones.com
# 2004-06-18: switch.ch (works but personnel is confused by the error)
domin.switch.ch
# 2004-06-23: accor-hotels.com (slow: 6 hours)
accor-hotels.com
# 2004-06-29: rr.com (no retry, reported by Duncan Hill)
/^ms-smtp.*\.rr\.com$/
# 2004-06-29: cox.net (no retry, reported by Duncan Hill)
/^lake.*mta.*\.cox\.net$/
# 2004-06-29: motorola.com (no retry)
mot.com
# 2004-07-01: nic.fr (address verification, reported by Arnaud Launay)
nic.fr
# 2004-07-01: verizon.net (address verification, reported by Bill Moran and Eric, adapted by Adam C. Mathews)
/^s[cv]\d+pub\.verizon\.net$/
# 2004-07-02: cs.columbia.edu (no retry)
cs.columbia.edu
# 2004-07-02: papersinvited.com (no retry)
66.216.126.174
# 2004-07-02: telekom.de (slow: 6 hours)
/^mail\d+\.telekom\.de$/
# 2004-07-04: tiscali.dk (slow: 12 hours, reported by Klaus Alexander Seistrup)
/^smtp\d+\.tiscali\.dk$/
# 2004-07-04: freshmeat.net (address verification)
freshmeat.net
# 2004-07-11: zd-swx.com (unique sender with letters, reported by Bill Landry)
zd-swx.com
# 2004-07-11: lockergnome.wc09.net (unique sender with letters, reported by Bill Landry)
lockergnome.wc09.net
# 2004-07-19: mxlogic.net (no retry, reported by Eric)
p01m168.mxlogic.net
p02m169.mxlogic.net
# 2004-09-08: intel.com (pool on different subnets)
/^fmr\d+\.intel\.com$/
# 2004-09-17: cox-internet.com (no retry, reported by Rod Roark)
/^fe\d+\.cox-internet\.com$/
# 2004-10-11: logismata.ch (no retry)
logismata.ch
# 2004-11-25: brief.cw.reum.de (no retry, reported by Manuel Oetiker)
brief.cw.reum.de
# 2004-12-03: ingeno.ch (no retry)
qmail.ingeno.ch
# 2004-12-06: rein.ch (no retry)
mail1.thurweb.ch
# 2005-01-26: tu-ilmenau.de (no retry)
piggy.rz.tu-ilmenau.de
# 2005-04-06: polymed.ch (no retry)
mail.polymed.ch
# 2005-06-08: hu-berlin.de (slow: 6 hours, reported by Joachim Schoenberg)
rz.hu-berlin.de
# 2005-06-17: gmail.com (big pool, reported by Beat Mueller)
proxy.gmail.com
# 2005-06-23: cacert.org (address verification, reported by Martin Lohmeier)
cacert.org
# 2005-07-27: polytech.univ-mrs.fr (no retry, reported by Giovanni Mandorino)
polytech.univ-mrs.fr
# 2005-08-05: gnu.org (address verification, reported by Martin Lohmeier)
gnu.org
# 2005-08-17: ciphirelabs.com (needs fast responses, reported by Sven Mueller)
cs.ciphire.net
# 2005-11-11: lufthansa (no retry, reported by Peter Bieringer)
/^gateway\d+\.np4\.de$/
# 2005-11-23: arcor-online.net (slow: 12 hours, reported by Bernd Zeimetz)
/^mail-in-\d+\.arcor-online\.net$/
# 2005-12-29: netsolmail.com (no retry, reported by Gareth Greenaway)
netsolmail.com
# mail.likopris.si (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
193.77.153.67
# jcsw.nato.int (several servers, no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
195.235.39
# tesla.vtszg.hr (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
tesla.vtszg.hr
# mailgw*.iai.co.il (pool of several servers, reported by Vito Robar)
/^mailgw.*\.iai\.co\.il$/
# gw.stud-serv-mb.si (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
gw.stud-serv-mb.si
# mail.commandtech.com (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
216.238.112.99
# duropack.co.at (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
193.81.20.195
# mail.esimit-tech.si (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
193.77.126.208
# mail.resotel.be (ocasionally no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
80.200.249.216
# mail2.alliancefr.be (ocasionally no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
mail2.alliancefr.be
# webserver.turboinstitut.si (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
webserver.turboinstitut.si
# mil.be (pool of different servers, reported by Vito Robar)
193.191.218.141
193.191.218.142
193.191.218.143
194.7.234.141
194.7.234.142
194.7.234.143
# mail*.usafisnews.org (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
/^mail\d+\.usafisnews\.org$/
# odk.fdv.uni-lj.si (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
/^odk.fdv.uni-lj.si$/
# rak-gentoo-1.nameserver.de (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
rak-gentoo-1.nameserver.de
# dars.si (ocasionally no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
mx.dars.si
# cosis.si (no retry, reported by Vito Robar)
213.143.66.210
# mta?.siol.net (sometimes no or slow retry; they use intermail, reported by Vito Robar)
/^mta[12].siol.net$/
# pim-N-N.quickinspirationsmail.com (unique sender, reported by Vito Robar)
/^pim-\d+-\d+\.quickinspirationsmail\.com$/
# flymonarch (no retry, reported by Marko Djukic)
flymonarch.com
# wxs.nl (no retry, reported by Johannes Fehr)
/^p?smtp.*\.wxs\.nl$/
# ibm.com (big pool, reported by Casey Peel)
ibm.com
# messagelabs.com (big pool, reported by John Tobin)
/^mail\d+\.messagelabs\.com$/
# ptb.de (slow, reported by Joachim Schoenberg)
berlin.ptb.de
# registrarmail.net (unique sender names, reported by Simon Waters)
registrarmail.net
# google.com (big pool, reported by Matthias Dyer, Martin Toft)
google.com
# orange.fr (big pool, reported by Lo�c Le Loarer)
/^smtp\d+\.orange\.fr$/
# citigroup.com (slow retry, reported by Michael Monnerie)
/^smtp\d+.citigroup.com$/
# cruisingclub.ch (no retry)
mail.ccs-cruising.ch
# digg.com (no retry, Debian #406774)
diggstage01.digg.com
# liberal.ca (retries only during 270 seconds, Debian #406774)
smtp.liberal.ca
# pi.ws (pool + long retry, Debian #409851)
/^mail[12]\.pi\.ws$/
# rambler.ru (big pool, reported by Michael Monnerie)
rambler.ru
# free.fr (big pool, reported by Denis Sacchet)
/^smtp[0-9]+-g[0-9]+\.free\.fr$/
/^postfix[0-9]+-g[0-9]+\.free\.fr$/
# thehartford.com (pool + long retry, reported by Jacob Leifman)
/^netmail\d+\.thehartford\.com$/
# abb.com (only one retry, reported by Roman Plessl)
/^nse\d+\.abb\.com$/
# 2007-07-27: sourceforge.net (sender verification)
lists.sourceforge.net
# 2007-08-06: polytec.de (no retry, reported by Patrick McLean)
polytec.de
# 2007-09-06: qualiflow.com (no retry, reported by Alex Beckert)
/^mail\d+\.msg\.oleane\.net$/
# 2007-09-07: nrl.navy.mil (no retry, reported by Axel Beckert)
nrl.navy.mil
# 2007-10-18: aliplast.com (long retry, reported by Johannes Feigl)
mail.aliplast.com
# 2007-10-18: inode.at (long retry, reported by Johannes Feigl)
/^mx\d+\..*\.inode\.at$/
# 2008-02-01: bol.com (no retry, reported by Frank Breedijk)
/^.*?.server.arvato-systems.de$/
# 2008-06-05: registeredsite.com (no retry, reported by Fred Kilbourn)
/^(?:mail|fallback-mx)\d+.atl.registeredsite.com$/
# 2008-07-17: mahidol.ac.th (no retry, reported by Alex Beckert)
saturn.mahidol.ac.th
# 2008-07-18: ebay.com (big pool, reported by Peter Samuelson)
ebay.com
# 2008-07-22: yahoo.com (big pool, reported by Juan Alonso)
yahoo.com
# 2008-11-07: facebook (no retry, reported by Tim Freeman)
/^outmail\d+\.sctm\.tfbnw\.net$/
# 2009-02-10: server14.cyon.ch (long retry, reported by Alex Beckert)
server14.cyon.ch
# 2009-08-19: 126.com (big pool)
/^m\d+-\d+\.126\.com$/
# 2010-01-08: tifr.res.in (no retry, reported by Alex Beckert)
home.theory.tifr.res.in
# 2010-01-08: 1blu.de (long retry, reported by Alex Beckert)
ms4-1.1blu.de
# 2010-03-17: chello.at (big pool, reported by Jan-willem van Eys)
/^viefep\d+-int\.chello\.at$/
# 2010-05-31: nic.nu (long retry, reported by Ivan Sie)
mx.nic.nu
# 2010-06-10: Microsoft servers (long/no retry, reported by Roy McMorran)
bigfish.com
frontbridge.com
microsoft.com
# 2010-06-18: Google/Postini (big pool, reported by Warren Trakman)
postini.com
# 2011-02-04: evanzo-server.de (no retry, reported by Andre Hoepner)
/^mx.*\.evanzo-server\.de$/
# 2011-05-02: upcmail.net (big pool, reported by Michael Monnerie)
upcmail.net
gateway.startcom.org
freenet.de
第一次尝试看起来像：
Jul 22 19:48:39 host postfix/smtpd[22813]: connect from mout1.freenet.de[2001:748:100:40::2:3]
Jul 22 19:48:39 host postfix/smtp[22839]: 8EFA81EF49: host emig.freenet.de[195.4.92.216] said: 457 Greylisted, please come back later. (in reply to RCPT TO command)
Jul 22 19:48:40 host postfix/smtp[22839]: 8EFA81EF49: to=<[email protected]>, relay=emig.freenet.de[195.4.92.217]:25, delay=0.62, delays=0.03/0.01/0.56/0.03, dsn=4.0.0, status=undeliverable (host emig.freenet.de[195.4.92.217] said: 457 Greylisted, please come back later. (in reply to RCPT TO command))
Jul 22 19:48:42 host postgrey[2762]: action=greylist, reason=new, client_name=mout1.freenet.de, client_address=2001:748:100:40::2:3, [email protected], [email protected]
Jul 22 19:48:42 host postgrey[2762]: action=greylist, reason=new, client_name=mout1.freenet.de, client_address=2001:748:100:40::2:3, [email protected], [email protected]
Jul 22 19:48:42 host postfix/smtpd[22813]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mout1.freenet.de[2001:748:100:40::2:3]: 450 4.1.7 <[email protected]>: Sender address rejected: unverified address: host emig.freenet.de[195.4.92.217] said: 457 Greylisted, please come back later. (in reply to RCPT TO command); from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<mout1.freenet.de>
Jul 22 19:48:42 host postfix/smtpd[22813]: disconnect from mout1.freenet.de[2001:748:100:40::2:3]
答案1
日志中显示的消息已列入灰名单，这意味着发送邮件服务器 (mout3.freenet.de) 必须尝试重新发送该消息才能发送成功。第一次正确重试后，发送服务器应自动添加到例外列表中，以便从该服务器发送的任何后续邮件不会被列入灰名单。
您可以手动将服务器添加到白名单来解决这个问题：
在 postgrey 中，可以将发件人和收件人列入白名单。要将主机列入白名单，只需将其完全合格的域名或 IP 地址添加到 /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_clients.local 文件。例如：
192.168.1.10 mydesktop.office.mydomain.com现在，从 192.168.1.10 或 mydesktop.office.mydomain.com 收到的所有电子邮件都不会被列入灰名单，它将被立即接受（只要它有效，并通过所有 postfix 规则）。另一方面，如果您想将收件人列入白名单，您可以将他们的电子邮件地址的用户名部分添加到 /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_recipients 文件中。例如：
postmaster@ abuse@ theboss@现在，这些电子邮件地址收到的所有电子邮件都不会被列入灰名单，并且所有电子邮件都会被立即接受。