我在一个在线学习平台（网站）上花了很多时间完成一项“简单而有趣”的任务：
[Bash] 执行各种不同脚本中的命令。当 Bash 作为交互式登录 shell 调用时，它首先
/etc/profile从文件读取并执行（如果该文件存在）。读取该文件后，它会查找~/.bash_profile、~/.bash_login或~/.profile（以该顺序），然后从第一个存在的可读命令中读取并执行命令。当登录 shell 退出时，Bash 从文件中读取并执行命令
~/.bash_logout（如果存在）。当启动非登录 shell 的交互式 shell 时，~/.bashrc如果该文件存在，Bash 将从中读取并执行命令。可以使用–norc选项来禁止此操作。file–rcfile选项将强制 Bash 从指定文件而不是 读取并执行命令~/.bashrc。在某些情况下，系统所有者通过这些脚本来强制执行安全性。此技能领域的相应练习将需要您了解脚本可能正在运行的内容，并尝试以某种方式进行拦截。
服务器连接，然后关闭连接，声明：
Sorry to have to tell you but this server does not allow you to login
You will now be automatically logged off.
Server Admin Connection to <ip> closed by remote host.
Connection to <ip> closed.
据我所知，以下方法应该有效：
ssh hostname "bash --noprofile"
ssh -t hostname "bash --noprofile"
ssh -t hostname "bash --noprofile --norc"
ssh user@hostname /bin/bash
这会使我登录，不会将我踢出，但似乎没有任何类型的外壳。
我可以输入命令，但看不到任何类型的反应，也没有选项直接查看服务器，因此无法检查脚本中的内容。
启用后-vvv，ssh 服务器将提供以下输出：
我错过了什么？这项任务应该需要 30 分钟，但我却没有成功
OpenSSH_7.6p1 Debian-2, OpenSSL 1.0.2m 2 Nov 2017
debug1: Reading configuration data "/etc/ssh/ssh_config"
debug1: "/etc/ssh/ssh_config" line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "<ip>" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to <ip> [<ip>] port 22.
debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file "/root/.ssh/id_rsa" type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file "/root/.ssh/id_dsa" type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file "/root/.ssh/id_ecdsa" type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file "/root/.ssh/id_ed25519" type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.6p1 Debian-2
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: Authenticating to <ip> as 'user'
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from <ip>
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug3: send packet: type 20 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug3: receive packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected]
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug3: send packet: type 30
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug3: receive packet: type 31
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:6O6B8ub+hwfuf607NjA85cersGNi6MrV/+1XQtv5ovU
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from <ip>
debug1: Host '<ip>' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug3: send packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug3: receive packet: type 21
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug2: key: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa" ((nil))
debug2: key: "/root/.ssh/id_dsa" ((nil))
debug2: key: "/root/.ssh/id_ecdsa" ((nil))
debug2: key: "/root/.ssh/id_ed25519" ((nil))
debug3: send packet: type 5
debug3: receive packet: type 7
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512
debug3: receive packet: type 6
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password
debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa"
debug3: no such identity: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa": No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: "/root/.ssh/id_dsa"
debug3: no such identity: "/root/.ssh/id_dsa": No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: "/root/.ssh/id_ecdsa"
debug3: no such identity: "/root/.ssh/id_ecdsa": No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: "/root/.ssh/id_ed25519"
debug3: no such identity: "/root/.ssh/id_ed25519": No such file or directory
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup password
debug3: remaining preferred: ,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password
debug1: Next authentication method: password user@<ip''s password:
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 52
debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). Authenticated to <ip> ([<ip>]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0
debug2: channel 0: send open
debug3: send packet: type 90
debug1: Requesting [email protected]
debug3: send packet: type 80
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug3: receive packet: type 80
debug1: client_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0
debug3: receive packet: type 91
debug2: channel_input_open_confirmation: channel 0: callback start
debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY
debug3: ssh_packet_set_tos: set IP_TOS 0x08
debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0
debug1: Sending environment.
debug3: Ignored env LS_COLORS
debug3: Ignored env XDG_MENU_PREFIX
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_GB.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug3: send packet: type 98
debug3: Ignored env GDM_LANG
debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY
debug3: Ignored env COLORTERM
debug3: Ignored env USERNAME
debug3: Ignored env XDG_VTNR
debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK
debug3: Ignored env S_COLORS
debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_ID
debug3: Ignored env USER
debug3: Ignored env DESKTOP_SESSION
debug3: Ignored env PWD
debug3: Ignored env HOME
debug3: Ignored env JOURNAL_STREAM
debug3: Ignored env SSH_AGENT_PID
debug3: Ignored env QT_ACCESSIBILITY
debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_TYPE
debug3: Ignored env XDG_DATA_DIRS
debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP
debug3: Ignored env GJS_debug_OUTPUT
debug3: Ignored env GTK_MODULES
debug3: Ignored env WINDOWPATH
debug3: Ignored env TERM
debug3: Ignored env SHELL
debug3: Ignored env VTE_VERSION
debug3: Ignored env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP
debug3: Ignored env GPG_AGENT_INFO
debug3: Ignored env SHLVL
debug3: Ignored env XDG_SEAT
debug3: Ignored env WINDOWID
debug3: Ignored env GDMSESSION
debug3: Ignored env GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID
debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME
debug3: Ignored env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
debug3: Ignored env XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
debug3: Ignored env XAUTHORITY
debug3: Ignored env PATH
debug3: Ignored env GJS_debug_TOPICS
debug3: Ignored env SESSION_MANAGER
debug3: Ignored env _
debug3: Ignored env OLDPWD
debug1: Sending command: /bin/bash -vvv
debug2: channel 0: request exec confirm 1
debug3: send packet: type 98
debug2: channel_input_open_confirmation: channel 0: callback done
debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768
debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152
debug3: receive packet: type 99
debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0
debug2: exec request accepted on channel 0
答案1
您是否可以在 ssh 命令中指定另一个 shell，例如/bin/sh（取决于安装的内容）而不是bash？从那里尝试调用bash --norc --noprofile
注意，通过（Debian-）默认情况下，/bin/sh由 dash 实现，它使用$HOME/.profile和/etc/profile。而且，默认情况下它不提供像 这样的提示$。
答案2
这是一个旧帖子，但回答测试实验室可能需要的是一个-t标志。
例子：
ssh -t 'yoursitename' -l 'username'
这会强制打开伪终端会话。看起来已使用 bash 等尝试过此操作，但不仅仅是使用-t。
-T编辑：这也可以通过禁用伪终端来实现