无法在 Samba 服务器上写入

无法在 Samba 服务器上写入

因此,我做了大量的研究试图解决这个问题,但几个小时后,我却陷入了困境。

我知道这与权限有关,但我完全不知道如何修复它。我可以从 Windows 10 框和 Ubuntu 17.10 框读取我的 samba 服务器。samba 服务器在 Raspberry Pi 3 上运行,它运行最新版本的 Raspbian Lite(如果您不知道,它基本上是轻量级的 Debian Stretch)。我有一个测试硬盘(只是一个 USB 驱动器),在 上,/dev/sda1我的共享文件夹在 中/media/USBHDD/share

因此,我将转储smb.conf我的媒体目录的文件和权限,希望你们中有人能帮助我理解这一点。

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = WORKGROUP

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
#   wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
   dns proxy = no

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes
security = user


#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller". 
#
# Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
   server role = standalone server

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
   passdb backend = tdbsam

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
   map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set 
#

# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect
# to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin


[share]
comment = Pi shared folder
path = /media/USBHDD/share
browseable = yes
read only = no
create mask 0660
directory mask = 0771
valid users = backups MYUSERNAME root
force user = MYUSERNAME

ls -l我的输出/media/USBHDD/share是:

rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Dec 30 20:21 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Dec 30 20:21 Miscellaneous
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Dec 30 20:21 Pictures

此外,如果您ls -l需要share/

drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 16384 Dec 30 20:21 share

感谢您阅读本文。我非常感谢能得到的所有帮助。

编辑:我忘了提到 /dev/sda1 是 NTFS 格式的驱动器,因为它正在被 Windows 机器访问。这使得 chown 和 chmod 无法工作。

答案1

从您的评论中:

我忘了说,驱动器/media/USBHDD/shares已格式化为 NTFS,以便在 Windows 上可读。这使得无法使用chown和进行更改chmod,这两个解决方案我都试过了。

我猜你正在使用ntfs-3g。在这种情况下,你应该研究它的以下挂载选项:uidgiddmaskfmask。你应该做的第一件事是传递uid=MYUSERNAME给挂载驱动器的任何机制。这将使文件系统看起来好像其中的所有内容都属于MYUSERNAME

如果你通过以下方式安装fstab,正确的方法应该类似于这个问题中的一个(但请阅读我的回答)。该路径/media/…表明驱动器可能由某种自动安装程序安装;如果是这样,那么您应该配置其选项。

我原来的回答中的一些部分(如下)适用于支持 UNIX 权限的文件系统。对于 NTFS,chown您应该在安装时传递正确的uid和。gid


原始答案:

您的共享及其下的对象归所有者所有,root并且只有所有者才具有写入权限。我在ls -l输出中谈论的是 UNIX 权限,这本身与 Samba 无关。

然后,Samba 强制任何有效用户(valid users = backups MYUSERNAME root;这些是 Samba 用户,不一定是 UNIX 用户)在 UNIX 权限上下文中为MYUSERNAME( force user = MYUSERNAME)。此用户没有写权限。

可能的解决方案:

  • MYUSERNAME拥有共享的一切:

    sudo chown -R MYUSERNAME: /media/USBHDD/share
    
  • 授予每个用户对共享中的所有内容的写权限:

    sudo chmod -R +w /media/USBHDD/share
    
  • 以上内容的组合,可能缩小范围;或使用组访问的解决方案;现在您知道问题是什么了,因此问问自己,您想将什么资产的什么权限授予谁。

  • force user = root(如果可能的话),但这样做很愚蠢。

其中一些解决方案在不同的 Samba 配置下会更好地发挥create mask作用directory mask研究并理解其含义。

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