我当前的用例是PyODBC通过poetryJenkins 作业构建进行安装，但由于sql.h找不到而失败。
作为背景，我有两台服务器，一台 RHEL 6，一台 RHEL 7； RHEL 6 服务器安装了 unixODBC ，并可与odbc.ini中的（除其他外）以及/etc/. sql.h/usr/include/
在非工作的 RHEL 7 服务器上，帮助台人员刚刚安装了相同版本的 unixODBC-dev，并且所有文件似乎都位于/usr/local/unixODBC/.
我相信我正确地理解这/usr/local是针对手动安装的软件包，我想这是这样，但我不清楚为什么这两个安装会以不同的方式完成，最终是否有一种方法可以使事情在 RHEL 服务器上工作（或者如果做不到这一点，我可以将这句话反馈给帮助台以正确方式安装。）
编辑：按照@Stephen Kitt的建议，我回到HD，据说他们安装了yum.
现在错误不同了（而且相当长，一些看似重复的行已被剪掉以适应帖子长度）：
[EnvCommandError]
Command ['/var/lib/jenkins/.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/bi
n/python', '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--no-deps', 'pyodbc==4.0.26'] errored wi
th the following output:
Collecting pyodbc==4.0.26
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b4/41/f3eb5e56af207a8
fcc02f1f84cc3fed9fcf315565e65f418ae815e399929/pyodbc-4.0.26.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: pyodbc
Running setup.py install for pyodbc: started
Running setup.py install for pyodbc: finished with status 'error'
Complete output from command /var/lib/jenkins/.cache/pypoetry/virtualenv
s/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__=
'/tmp/pip-build-i2_4l6cq/pyodbc/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(
__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, _
_file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-oqv50di8-record/install-record.
txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /var/lib
/jenkins/.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include/site/python3
.6/pyodbc:
running install
running build
running build_ext
building 'pyodbc' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/buffer.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/buffer.o -Wno-
write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE_LONG_LO
NG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/cnxninfo.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/cnxninfo.o -
Wno-write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE_LON
G_LONG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/connection.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/connection
.o -Wno-write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE
_LONG_LONG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
src/connection.cpp: In function ‘PyObject* Connection_getinfo(PyObject*,
PyObject*)’:
src/connection.cpp:835:40: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer wi
ll break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
SQLUINTEGER n = *(SQLUINTEGER*)szBuffer; // Does this work on P
PC or do we need a union?
^
src/connection.cpp:848:49: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer wi
ll break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]
result = PyInt_FromLong(*(SQLUSMALLINT*)szBuffer);
^
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/cursor.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/cursor.o -Wno-
write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE_LONG_LO
NG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/errors.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/errors.o -Wno-
write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE_LONG_LO
NG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/getdata.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/getdata.o -Wn
o-write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE_LONG_
LONG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/params.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/params.o -Wno-
write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE_LONG_LO
NG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/pyodbccompat.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/pyodbcco
mpat.o -Wno-write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -D
HAVE_LONG_LONG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/pyodbcdbg.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/pyodbcdbg.o
-Wno-write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE_L
ONG_LONG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/pyodbcmodule.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/pyodbcmo
dule.o -Wno-write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -D
HAVE_LONG_LONG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/row.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/row.o -Wno-write-
strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE_LONG_LONG -DS
IZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -
Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPYODBC_VERSION=4.0.26 -I/var/lib/jenkins/.c
ache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/ds-ops-tools-py3.6/include -I/usr/local/include/py
thon3.6m -c src/textenc.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/textenc.o -Wn
o-write-strings -DHAVE_UNISTD_H -DHAVE_PWD_H -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H -DHAVE_LONG_
LONG -DSIZEOF_LONG_INT=8 -I/usr/include
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for
C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib build/temp.linux-x86_64-3
.6/src/buffer.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/cnxninfo.o build/temp.linux-
x86_64-3.6/src/connection.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/cursor.o build/t
emp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/errors.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/getdata.o
build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/params.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/pyo
dbccompat.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/pyodbcdbg.o build/temp.linux-x86
_64-3.6/src/pyodbcmodule.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/row.o build/temp.
linux-x86_64-3.6/src/textenc.o -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib
-lodbc -lpython3.6m -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/pyodbc.cpython-36m-x86_64-
linux-gnu.so -L/usr/lib64 -lodbc
/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libpython3.6m.a(abstract.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S a
gainst symbol `_Py_NotImplementedStruct' can not be used when making a share
d object; recompile with -fPIC
/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libpython3.6m.a(boolobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32
against `.data' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with
-fPIC
[...]
/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libpython3.6m.a(parser.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 agai
nst `.rodata.str1.8' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile
with -fPIC
/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libpython3.6m.a(getcompiler.o): relocation R_X86_64_32
against `.rodata.str1.8' can not be used when making a shared object; recom
pile with -fPIC
/bin/ld: final link failed: Nonrepresentable section on output
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: command 'g++' failed with exit status 1
编辑：我思考这是因为我的libpython*.so文件位于/usr/local/lib而不是/usr/lib;我已经添加/usr/local/lib并ld.so.conf运行ldconfig，但这似乎没有做任何事情。
编辑2：我发现一个建议，重命名/usr/lib/libpython3.6m.a将允许“找到”.so 文件，这似乎有效！但我仍然感到困惑，因为它首先表现出unixODBC没有与包管理器一起安装（它不是）的症状，然后是 python 没有--shared-packages启用，它确实启用了，但其他文件以某种方式覆盖了这些包。如果有人能够阐明这一点，那就太好了，但我意识到，如果不确切了解该系统的服务台工作人员是如何设置和操作的，就很难说。
答案1
您的 RHEL 6 服务器上的安装可能是使用 UnixODBC 的 RHEL 包完成的。这很容易在 RHEL 7 服务器上复制：
yum install unixODBC-devel
将安装标头、开发文件及其所有依赖项。
我们无法告诉您为什么这两种安装的执行方式不同；只有您的服务台可以做到这一点。